Exam 2: How Probation Developed: Chronicling Its Past and Present

Discuss the significance of the decision in Commonwealth v. Chase.

In the United States today, probation is exclusively administered by the executive branch of government.

The chance to avoid a criminal record by completing a term of community supervision where an individual follows a predetermined treatment plan while agreeing to stay out of trouble is known as ___________.

Which of the following agencies qualifies for funding through community corrections acts?

Commonwealth v. Chase (1831) is often cited as an early example of how corporal punishment was first used in the United States.

Who is known as the "father of probation" for the United States?

_____ refers to the an alternative program to traditional criminal justice sentences that provides first-time offenders with a chance to have the current charges against them if they abide by a predetermined treatment plan to be carried out in the community.

John Augustus, a Boston bootmaker in the mid-1800s, has been credited as being the "Father of Probation" in the United States.

A "motion to quash" is a court order that postpones the filing, imposition, or execution of a sentence if an offender can maintain good behavior.

You are running for governor on a civil liberties platform. Many of your potential constituents believe that parole and probation should be separate, but there is a conservative section of the state that believes the budgetary needs of the state requires they be combined. What do you feel is the best course of action, and how will you convince all voters that the executive branch of government is most effective to handle these cases? Use examples from the text to justify your opinion.

When the court enters an order after the verdict, finding, or plea that postpones the imposition, or execution, of sentence during the good behavior of the offender, it is known as a(n) ________________________.

The case of _____ is often cited as an example of the early use of release on recognizance.

Which of the two models of supervision-neighborhood-based or criminogenic needs-based- do you think is most effective? Why? Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each in your answer.

The procedure most closely related to modern probation is the indeterminate sentence.

What are the two kinds of suspended sentence? How do they differ, and how does the distinction between them affect the organization of our modern probation system?

Massachusetts's judges often used this procedure to allow offenders to go free when they thought the statutory penalties were inhumane.

What was the Ex parte United States court case? What was its impact on modern probation?

To protect children from exploitation in the early to mid-1800s, the New York Children's Aid Society

When an indictment is held in abeyance with neither dismissal nor final conviction, in cases in which the judge wishes to defer adjudication or suspend the sentence, it is _____.

A procedure that allowed the indictment to be held without further action but allowed the judge to impose certain conditions on the defendant was known as