Question 1

- Hebb's cell assemblies occur when:

Accepted Answer

A) Two or more nerve cells are excited simultaneously 
B) Brain cells divide 
C) New brain cells are created through neurogenesis 
D) There is a temporary change in the activity of a single neuron 
E) A node in the neural network is selectively impaired 
A) Two or more nerve cells are excited simultaneously 
B) Brain cells divide 
C) New brain cells are created through neurogenesis 
D) There is a temporary change in the activity of a single neuron 
E) A node in the neural network is selectively impaired A

Question 2

- The idea that the amount learned directly corresponds to the time spent learning is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) Limitless learning hypothesis 
B) Learning ratio theory 
C) Parabolic studying function 
D) Total time hypothesis 
E) Matched practice theory 
A) Limitless learning hypothesis 
B) Learning ratio theory 
C) Parabolic studying function 
D) Total time hypothesis 
E) Matched practice theory D

Question 3

- Latent inhibition refers to which phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) The gradual deterioration of conditioned responses 
B) Repeated presentation of a neutral stimulus impairs its later ability to elicit a conditioned response 
C) The resurfacing of a response previously believed to have been unlearned 
D) Learned helplessness 
E) A form of operant conditioning 
A) The gradual deterioration of conditioned responses 
B) Repeated presentation of a neutral stimulus impairs its later ability to elicit a conditioned response 
C) The resurfacing of a response previously believed to have been unlearned 
D) Learned helplessness 
E) A form of operant conditioning B

Question 4

- The non-monotonic lag effect (Cepeda et al., 2008)refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) The detrimental effect of boredom on learning 
B) The boosting effect of curiosity on learning and memory 
C) A synonym of instrumental conditioning 
D) The tendency for the lag effect to first increase and then decrease 
E) A key aspect of motor skill learning 
A) The detrimental effect of boredom on learning 
B) The boosting effect of curiosity on learning and memory 
C) A synonym of instrumental conditioning 
D) The tendency for the lag effect to first increase and then decrease 
E) A key aspect of motor skill learning

Question 5

- Studies confirmed that divided attention:

Accepted Answer

A) Is very good for learning 
B) Is very detrimental for learning 
C) Is neither good nor bad 
D) Has a different effect depending on the tasks you are doing 
E) Causes encoding variability 
A) Is very good for learning 
B) Is very detrimental for learning 
C) Is neither good nor bad 
D) Has a different effect depending on the tasks you are doing 
E) Causes encoding variability

Question 6

- In Bechara et al.'s (1995)study, a patient with damage to the ___ failed to demonstrate increased skin conductance to a color paired with a sound, despite being able to recall the colors in the experiment and the one that co-occurred with the noise.

Accepted Answer

A) Amygdala 
B) Hippocampus 
C) Frontal lobe 
D) Primary visual cortex 
E) Bilateral ACC 
A) Amygdala 
B) Hippocampus 
C) Frontal lobe 
D) Primary visual cortex 
E) Bilateral ACC

Question 7

In a 2014 study, Mathias Gruber, Bernard Gelman, and Charan Ranganath used fMRI to investigate what curiosity does to the brain. They found that when people felt very curious about a soon- to-be-received answer, this increased activity in which brain regions?

Accepted Answer

A) Hippocampus and Amygdala 
B) Left-Hippocampus and Right-Amygdala 
C) Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus 
D) Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and Motor Cortex 
E) Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens 
A) Hippocampus and Amygdala 
B) Left-Hippocampus and Right-Amygdala 
C) Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus 
D) Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and Motor Cortex 
E) Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens

Question 8

- The study by Xue et al., 2010, compared the study-phase retrieval hypothesis with the encoding variability hypothesis. The data:

Accepted Answer

A) Overwhelmingly supported the encoding variability hypothesis 
B) Overwhelmingly supported the study-phase retrieval hypothesis 
C) Contrary to their predictions, overwhelmingly supported the deficient processing hypothesis 
D) Did not support either of them 
E) Led the authors to discover the testing effect 
A) Overwhelmingly supported the encoding variability hypothesis 
B) Overwhelmingly supported the study-phase retrieval hypothesis 
C) Contrary to their predictions, overwhelmingly supported the deficient processing hypothesis 
D) Did not support either of them 
E) Led the authors to discover the testing effect

Question 9

- The term consolidation of memory can refer to:

Accepted Answer

A) Synaptic and cognitive consolidation 
B) Synaptic and system consolidation 
C) Cognitive and system consolidation 
D) System and linguistic consolidation 
E) Synaptic and neuronal consolidation 
A) Synaptic and cognitive consolidation 
B) Synaptic and system consolidation 
C) Cognitive and system consolidation 
D) System and linguistic consolidation 
E) Synaptic and neuronal consolidation

Question 10

- According to Baddeley and Longman (1978), postal workers who spent a single one-hour session learning to type per day on a distributed practice schedule showed which of the following pattern of results, compared to postal workers using massed learning?

Accepted Answer

A) They were least contented with their training schedule 
B) They learned the keyboard in fewer training hours 
C) They improved their performance more rapidly 
D) They retained their skills better over the long term 
E) All of these 
A) They were least contented with their training schedule 
B) They learned the keyboard in fewer training hours 
C) They improved their performance more rapidly 
D) They retained their skills better over the long term 
E) All of these

Question 11

Ebbinghaus primarily focused on studying which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Cross-cultural differences in memory effects 
B) The maximum capacity of memory systems 
C) The brain regions supporting memory 
D) Memory errors people typically make 
E) The rate of learning and forgetting 
A) Cross-cultural differences in memory effects 
B) The maximum capacity of memory systems 
C) The brain regions supporting memory 
D) Memory errors people typically make 
E) The rate of learning and forgetting

Question 12

- Astin (1993)reported that the SECOND best predictor of self-reported writing skill was:

Accepted Answer

A) Number of languages spoken fluently 
B) Number of writing skills classes taken 
C) Number of books in their apartment 
D) Age in years 
E) Amount of feedback provided by the instructor 
A) Number of languages spoken fluently 
B) Number of writing skills classes taken 
C) Number of books in their apartment 
D) Age in years 
E) Amount of feedback provided by the instructor

Question 13

- What phenomenon does "change blindness" refer to?

Accepted Answer

A) The inability to distinguish between similar coins where one is counterfeit 
B) The inability to distinguish between similar visual scenes 
C) Overlooking significant changes in the visual environment 
D) Refusal to accept changes to your perceptions and memories 
E) Congenital blindness 
A) The inability to distinguish between similar coins where one is counterfeit 
B) The inability to distinguish between similar visual scenes 
C) Overlooking significant changes in the visual environment 
D) Refusal to accept changes to your perceptions and memories 
E) Congenital blindness

Question 14

- The tendency for a neuron to send action potentials, given a certain amount of input is called:

Accepted Answer

A) Long-term potentiation 
B) Intrinsic excitability 
C) Synaptic consolidation 
D) Back propagation 
E) Neuronal consolidation 
A) Long-term potentiation 
B) Intrinsic excitability 
C) Synaptic consolidation 
D) Back propagation 
E) Neuronal consolidation

Question 15

- A hallmark of habits is that they often persist when rewards for their outcomes are lessened or removed. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) Repetition suppression 
B) Stem completion 
C) Repetition priming 
D) Outcome devaluation 
E) Latent inhibition 
A) Repetition suppression 
B) Stem completion 
C) Repetition priming 
D) Outcome devaluation 
E) Latent inhibition

Question 16

- The general method of stem completion conceivably COULD be used in which type of test?

Accepted Answer

A) Explicit 
B) Implicit 
C) All of these 
D) Priming 
E) Guessing 
A) Explicit 
B) Implicit 
C) All of these 
D) Priming 
E) Guessing

Question 17

The three subcategories of implicit memory presented in the chapter are:

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning, instrumental conditioning, repetition suppression 
B) Classical conditioning, priming, procedural learning 
C) Instrumental conditioning, change blindness, retrieval-based learning 
D) Procedural learning, encoding variability, inhibition 
E) Priming, consolidation, monotonic lag effect 
A) Classical conditioning, instrumental conditioning, repetition suppression 
B) Classical conditioning, priming, procedural learning 
C) Instrumental conditioning, change blindness, retrieval-based learning 
D) Procedural learning, encoding variability, inhibition 
E) Priming, consolidation, monotonic lag effect

Question 18

- Ericsson:

Accepted Answer

A) Agreed with Gladwell's 10,000 hours rule 
B) Argued that becoming a true expert requires deliberate practice 
C) Was the first one to discover the phenomenon of structural plasticity 
D) Extensively studied the testing effect 
E) Conducted a series of important experiments on change blindness 
A) Agreed with Gladwell's 10,000 hours rule 
B) Argued that becoming a true expert requires deliberate practice 
C) Was the first one to discover the phenomenon of structural plasticity 
D) Extensively studied the testing effect 
E) Conducted a series of important experiments on change blindness

Question 19

In a 2011 study, Jeff Karpicke and Janell Blunt asked students to study a science text under one of four conditions (study, repeated study, concept mapping, retrieval practice). They found that:

Accepted Answer

A) Despite the clear superiority of the concept mapping condition, participants judged retrieval practice as more effective 
B) Despite the clear superiority of repeated study, participants judged concept mapping as more effective 
C) Despite the four conditions being equally effective, participants judged repeated study as more effective 
D) Despite the clear superiority of retrieval practice, participants judged retrieval practice to be the least effective 
E) Despite the impact of stem completion, participants judged retrieval practice and concept mapping as the most effective methods 
A) Despite the clear superiority of the concept mapping condition, participants judged retrieval practice as more effective 
B) Despite the clear superiority of repeated study, participants judged concept mapping as more effective 
C) Despite the four conditions being equally effective, participants judged repeated study as more effective 
D) Despite the clear superiority of retrieval practice, participants judged retrieval practice to be the least effective 
E) Despite the impact of stem completion, participants judged retrieval practice and concept mapping as the most effective methods

Question 20

- According to Bliss and Lomo (1973), what is the process by which synaptic transmissions may become more effective after a cell's recent activation?

Accepted Answer

A) Long-term permeation 
B) Short-term potentiation 
C) Back propagation 
D) Spreading activation 
E) Long-term potentiation 
A) Long-term permeation 
B) Short-term potentiation 
C) Back propagation 
D) Spreading activation 
E) Long-term potentiation

- Hebb's cell assemblies occur when:

- The idea that the amount learned directly corresponds to the time spent learning is called the:

- Latent inhibition refers to which phenomenon?

- The non-monotonic lag effect (Cepeda et al., 2008)refers to:

- Studies confirmed that divided attention:

- In Bechara et al.'s (1995)study, a patient with damage to the ___ failed to demonstrate increased skin conductance to a color paired with a sound, despite being able to recall the colors in the experiment and the one that co-occurred with the noise.

In a 2014 study, Mathias Gruber, Bernard Gelman, and Charan Ranganath used fMRI to investigate what curiosity does to the brain. They found that when people felt very curious about a soon- to-be-received answer, this increased activity in which brain regions?

- The study by Xue et al., 2010, compared the study-phase retrieval hypothesis with the encoding variability hypothesis. The data:

- The term consolidation of memory can refer to:

- According to Baddeley and Longman (1978), postal workers who spent a single one-hour session learning to type per day on a distributed practice schedule showed which of the following pattern of results, compared to postal workers using massed learning?

Ebbinghaus primarily focused on studying which of the following?

- Astin (1993)reported that the SECOND best predictor of self-reported writing skill was:

- What phenomenon does "change blindness" refer to?

- The tendency for a neuron to send action potentials, given a certain amount of input is called:

- A hallmark of habits is that they often persist when rewards for their outcomes are lessened or removed. This is known as:

- The general method of stem completion conceivably COULD be used in which type of test?

The three subcategories of implicit memory presented in the chapter are:

- Ericsson:

In a 2011 study, Jeff Karpicke and Janell Blunt asked students to study a science text under one of four conditions (study, repeated study, concept mapping, retrieval practice). They found that:

- According to Bliss and Lomo (1973), what is the process by which synaptic transmissions may become more effective after a cell's recent activation?

What Is Memory

Memory and the Brain

Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Episodic Memory: Organizing and Remembering

Semantic Memory and Stored Knowledge

Retrieval

Incidental Forgetting

Motivated Forgetting

Autobiographical Memory

Eyewitness Testimony

Prospective Memory

Memory Across the Lifespan: Growing up

Memory and Aging

When Memory Systems Fail

Improving Your Memory

Filters

Exam 5: Learning

- Hebb's cell assemblies occur when:

- The idea that the amount learned directly corresponds to the time spent learning is called the:

- Latent inhibition refers to which phenomenon?

- The non-monotonic lag effect (Cepeda et al., 2008)refers to:

- Studies confirmed that divided attention:

- In Bechara et al.'s (1995)study, a patient with damage to the ___ failed to demonstrate increased skin conductance to a color paired with a sound, despite being able to recall the colors in the experiment and the one that co-occurred with the noise.

In a 2014 study, Mathias Gruber, Bernard Gelman, and Charan Ranganath used fMRI to investigate what curiosity does to the brain. They found that when people felt very curious about a soon- to-be-received answer, this increased activity in which brain regions?

- The study by Xue et al., 2010, compared the study-phase retrieval hypothesis with the encoding variability hypothesis. The data:

- The term consolidation of memory can refer to:

- According to Baddeley and Longman (1978), postal workers who spent a single one-hour session learning to type per day on a distributed practice schedule showed which of the following pattern of results, compared to postal workers using massed learning?

Ebbinghaus primarily focused on studying which of the following?

- Astin (1993)reported that the SECOND best predictor of self-reported writing skill was:

- What phenomenon does "change blindness" refer to?

- The tendency for a neuron to send action potentials, given a certain amount of input is called:

- A hallmark of habits is that they often persist when rewards for their outcomes are lessened or removed. This is known as:

- The general method of stem completion conceivably COULD be used in which type of test?

The three subcategories of implicit memory presented in the chapter are:

- Ericsson:

In a 2011 study, Jeff Karpicke and Janell Blunt asked students to study a science text under one of four conditions (study, repeated study, concept mapping, retrieval practice). They found that:

- According to Bliss and Lomo (1973), what is the process by which synaptic transmissions may become more effective after a cell's recent activation?

What Is Memory

Memory and the Brain

Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Episodic Memory: Organizing and Remembering

Semantic Memory and Stored Knowledge

Retrieval

Incidental Forgetting

Motivated Forgetting

Autobiographical Memory

Eyewitness Testimony

Prospective Memory

Memory Across the Lifespan: Growing up

Memory and Aging

When Memory Systems Fail

Improving Your Memory

Filters