Question 1

According to the text, repetition suppression is primarily thought to reflect:

Accepted Answer

A) Changes to participants' field of view 
B) Increased efficiency of neural processing 
C) Divided attention 
D) Cell death 
E) Motivated forgetting 
A) Changes to participants' field of view 
B) Increased efficiency of neural processing 
C) Divided attention 
D) Cell death 
E) Motivated forgetting B

Question 2

Retrieval can best be understood according to which pattern of progress?

Accepted Answer

A) From cognition to physiology 
B) From sensory to phonological processing 
C) From older to more recent memories 
D) From psycholinguistic to connectionist processing 
E) From cues to the target memory via associative connections 
A) From cognition to physiology 
B) From sensory to phonological processing 
C) From older to more recent memories 
D) From psycholinguistic to connectionist processing 
E) From cues to the target memory via associative connections C

Question 3

If individuals were to encode and retrieve cues in two different circumstances, they may lack the correct _____ for retrieval.

Accepted Answer

A) Content cues 
B) Memory traces 
C) Context cues 
D) Direct routes 
E) Associations 
A) Content cues 
B) Memory traces 
C) Context cues 
D) Direct routes 
E) Associations C

Question 4

The term "content addressable memory" most accurately suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A) The content of memories is packaged in isolated modules 
B) Memories are organized in chronological order 
C) Any aspect of the memory's content can serve as a reminder/gateway to the experience 
D) The transfer of memory content is regulated by a cognitive tax 
E) Memories can only be cued by a single entry point 
A) The content of memories is packaged in isolated modules 
B) Memories are organized in chronological order 
C) Any aspect of the memory's content can serve as a reminder/gateway to the experience 
D) The transfer of memory content is regulated by a cognitive tax 
E) Memories can only be cued by a single entry point

Question 5

""Tip of the tongue"" refers to which psychological phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) Being aware of an answer but unable to produce it 
B) Being unaware of an answer but producing it automatically 
C) The phenomenon of stuttering when retrieving complex information 
D) The tendency for participants to recognize more items than they can recall freely 
E) Forgetting when the context at encoding and retrieval are inconsistent 
A) Being aware of an answer but unable to produce it 
B) Being unaware of an answer but producing it automatically 
C) The phenomenon of stuttering when retrieving complex information 
D) The tendency for participants to recognize more items than they can recall freely 
E) Forgetting when the context at encoding and retrieval are inconsistent

Question 6

The ability to discriminate between old and new items would appear to depend most directly on the strength of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Familiarity 
B) Frequency 
C) Imageability 
D) Distance 
E) Discrepancies 
A) Familiarity 
B) Frequency 
C) Imageability 
D) Distance 
E) Discrepancies

Question 7

Which of the following procedures was developed by Jacoby (1991)and involves inclusion and exclusion conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) List method 
B) Remember/know 
C) Random sampling 
D) Remember/forget 
E) Process dissociation 
A) List method 
B) Remember/know 
C) Random sampling 
D) Remember/forget 
E) Process dissociation

Question 8

The process in which memory gaps are filled using logic and previous experience is termed:

Accepted Answer

A) Rationalization 
B) Degeneration 
C) Contextualization 
D) Reconstruction 
E) Suppression 
A) Rationalization 
B) Degeneration 
C) Contextualization 
D) Reconstruction 
E) Suppression

Question 9

What variable did Herron and Wilding (2006)argue was important for correct recall?

Accepted Answer

A) Study time 
B) Frequency of exposure 
C) Cognitive set 
D) Familiarity of stimuli 
E) Personal salience 
A) Study time 
B) Frequency of exposure 
C) Cognitive set 
D) Familiarity of stimuli 
E) Personal salience

Question 10

Green and Swets (1966)devised which theory that can help explain performance in an auditory detection experiment, for example?

Accepted Answer

A) State dependent 
B) Signal detection 
C) Context dependent 
D) Dual process 
E) Source monitoring 
A) State dependent 
B) Signal detection 
C) Context dependent 
D) Dual process 
E) Source monitoring

Question 11

Retrieval involves the reinstatement of a pattern of activation over _______, which serve to represent a memory.

Accepted Answer

A) Environmental cues 
B) Feature units 
C) Interference resolution processes 
D) Lures 
E) Attentional blinks 
A) Environmental cues 
B) Feature units 
C) Interference resolution processes 
D) Lures 
E) Attentional blinks

Question 12

Marian and Neisser (2000)studied the effect of a particular cognitive context on which group of participants?

Accepted Answer

A) Non-human primates 
B) Bilingual 
C) Rats 
D) Patients with semantic dementia 
E) Newborns 
A) Non-human primates 
B) Bilingual 
C) Rats 
D) Patients with semantic dementia 
E) Newborns

Question 13

Forced-choice and yes/no decisions are two ways of probing which form of memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Episodic 
B) Recall 
C) Autobiographical 
D) Recognition 
E) Semantic 
A) Episodic 
B) Recall 
C) Autobiographical 
D) Recognition 
E) Semantic

Question 14

Badre and Wagner have argued that a controlled retrieval process mediated by which part of the brain is engaged when retrieval cues are too weak to automatically activate a target memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Anterior aspect of the left inferior prefrontal cortex 
B) Posterior portion of the amygdala 
C) Ventrolateral portion of the right peduncle 
D) Left-lateralized dorsal temporal cortex 
E) Posterior cingulate cortex 
A) Anterior aspect of the left inferior prefrontal cortex 
B) Posterior portion of the amygdala 
C) Ventrolateral portion of the right peduncle 
D) Left-lateralized dorsal temporal cortex 
E) Posterior cingulate cortex

Question 15

Which of these is not an especially prominent type of cue in context-dependent memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Physiological 
B) Spatio-temporal 
C) Mood 
D) Word frequency 
E) Cognitive 
A) Physiological 
B) Spatio-temporal 
C) Mood 
D) Word frequency 
E) Cognitive

Question 16

What is assessed in the process of source monitoring?

Accepted Answer

A) Contextual origins of information 
B) Internal mood state 
C) Internal cognitive state 
D) External relevance 
E) Personal relevance 
A) Contextual origins of information 
B) Internal mood state 
C) Internal cognitive state 
D) External relevance 
E) Personal relevance

Question 17

The subsequent memory effect Wagner et al. (1998)found near the hippocampus revealed:

Accepted Answer

A) Amnesia for events acquired early in life 
B) Greater activity for forgotten than successfully remembered items 
C) More distributed activity on prospective memory tasks 
D) Greater activity for successfully remembered than forgotten items 
E) Greater contextual drift for forgotten items compared to remembered items 
A) Amnesia for events acquired early in life 
B) Greater activity for forgotten than successfully remembered items 
C) More distributed activity on prospective memory tasks 
D) Greater activity for successfully remembered than forgotten items 
E) Greater contextual drift for forgotten items compared to remembered items

Question 18

Fernandes and Moscovitch (2000, 2003)observed that the most accurate retrieval is reported under which condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Free recall 
B) Divided attention 
C) Full attention 
D) Recognition testing 
E) Word completion tests 
A) Free recall 
B) Divided attention 
C) Full attention 
D) Recognition testing 
E) Word completion tests

Question 19

The tendency to recall more positive memories when happy and more negative memories when unhappy is known as which type of memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Mood congruent 
B) State congruent 
C) Context congruent 
D) Life biased 
E) Mood dependent 
A) Mood congruent 
B) State congruent 
C) Context congruent 
D) Life biased 
E) Mood dependent

Question 20

Tulving (1985)devised which of the following procedures to isolate the relevant components of recognition memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Visual search 
B) Remember/forget 
C) Familiarity-based decisions 
D) Process dissociation 
E) Remember/know 
A) Visual search 
B) Remember/forget 
C) Familiarity-based decisions 
D) Process dissociation 
E) Remember/know

According to the text, repetition suppression is primarily thought to reflect:

Retrieval can best be understood according to which pattern of progress?

If individuals were to encode and retrieve cues in two different circumstances, they may lack the correct _____ for retrieval.

The term "content addressable memory" most accurately suggests that:

""Tip of the tongue"" refers to which psychological phenomenon?

The ability to discriminate between old and new items would appear to depend most directly on the strength of which of the following?

Which of the following procedures was developed by Jacoby (1991)and involves inclusion and exclusion conditions?

The process in which memory gaps are filled using logic and previous experience is termed:

What variable did Herron and Wilding (2006)argue was important for correct recall?

Green and Swets (1966)devised which theory that can help explain performance in an auditory detection experiment, for example?

Retrieval involves the reinstatement of a pattern of activation over _______, which serve to represent a memory.

Marian and Neisser (2000)studied the effect of a particular cognitive context on which group of participants?

Forced-choice and yes/no decisions are two ways of probing which form of memory?

Badre and Wagner have argued that a controlled retrieval process mediated by which part of the brain is engaged when retrieval cues are too weak to automatically activate a target memory?

Which of these is not an especially prominent type of cue in context-dependent memory?

What is assessed in the process of source monitoring?

The subsequent memory effect Wagner et al. (1998)found near the hippocampus revealed:

Fernandes and Moscovitch (2000, 2003)observed that the most accurate retrieval is reported under which condition?

The tendency to recall more positive memories when happy and more negative memories when unhappy is known as which type of memory?

Tulving (1985)devised which of the following procedures to isolate the relevant components of recognition memory?

What Is Memory

Memory and the Brain

Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Learning

Episodic Memory: Organizing and Remembering

Semantic Memory and Stored Knowledge

Incidental Forgetting

Motivated Forgetting

Autobiographical Memory

Eyewitness Testimony

Prospective Memory

Memory Across the Lifespan: Growing up

Memory and Aging

When Memory Systems Fail

Improving Your Memory

Filters

Exam 8: Retrieval

According to the text, repetition suppression is primarily thought to reflect:

Retrieval can best be understood according to which pattern of progress?

If individuals were to encode and retrieve cues in two different circumstances, they may lack the correct _____ for retrieval.

The term "content addressable memory" most accurately suggests that:

""Tip of the tongue"" refers to which psychological phenomenon?

The ability to discriminate between old and new items would appear to depend most directly on the strength of which of the following?

Which of the following procedures was developed by Jacoby (1991)and involves inclusion and exclusion conditions?

The process in which memory gaps are filled using logic and previous experience is termed:

What variable did Herron and Wilding (2006)argue was important for correct recall?

Green and Swets (1966)devised which theory that can help explain performance in an auditory detection experiment, for example?

Retrieval involves the reinstatement of a pattern of activation over _______, which serve to represent a memory.

Marian and Neisser (2000)studied the effect of a particular cognitive context on which group of participants?

Forced-choice and yes/no decisions are two ways of probing which form of memory?

Badre and Wagner have argued that a controlled retrieval process mediated by which part of the brain is engaged when retrieval cues are too weak to automatically activate a target memory?

Which of these is not an especially prominent type of cue in context-dependent memory?

What is assessed in the process of source monitoring?

The subsequent memory effect Wagner et al. (1998)found near the hippocampus revealed:

Fernandes and Moscovitch (2000, 2003)observed that the most accurate retrieval is reported under which condition?

The tendency to recall more positive memories when happy and more negative memories when unhappy is known as which type of memory?

Tulving (1985)devised which of the following procedures to isolate the relevant components of recognition memory?

What Is Memory

Memory and the Brain

Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Learning

Episodic Memory: Organizing and Remembering

Semantic Memory and Stored Knowledge

Incidental Forgetting

Motivated Forgetting

Autobiographical Memory

Eyewitness Testimony

Prospective Memory

Memory Across the Lifespan: Growing up

Memory and Aging

When Memory Systems Fail

Improving Your Memory

Filters