Question 1

If a researcher measures two individuals on a nominal scale,it is impossible to determine which individual has the larger score.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If people score high on one measure and also score high on another measure,there is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​a positive relationship between the two measures 
B) ​a negative relationship between the two measures 
C) no relationship between the two measures 
D) ​a cause-and-effect relationship between the two measures 
A) ​a positive relationship between the two measures 
B) ​a negative relationship between the two measures 
C) no relationship between the two measures 
D) ​a cause-and-effect relationship between the two measures

Question 3

What is a "subject role" that might be adopted by participants responding to the demand characteristics of a research study?

Accepted Answer

A) ​helpful subject role 
B) ​apprehensive subject role 
C) aggressive subject role 
D) ​annoying subject role 
A) ​helpful subject role 
B) ​apprehensive subject role 
C) aggressive subject role 
D) ​annoying subject role

Question 4

Describe what new information is obtained from measurements on an interval scale compared to measurements from an ordinal scale.

Accepted Answer

​If two individuals have different measu

Question 5

A reliable measurement procedure produces similar scores when the same individuals are measured twice under similar conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Describe one type of range effect and explain how a range effect can influence the results of a research study.

Accepted Answer

​One example of a range effect is called

Question 7

If people score low on one measure and also score low on another measure,there is ____

Accepted Answer

A) ​a positive relationship between the two measures 
B) ​a negative relationship between the two measures 
C) no relationship between the two measures 
D) ​a cause-and-effect relationship between the two measures 
A) ​a positive relationship between the two measures 
B) ​a negative relationship between the two measures 
C) no relationship between the two measures 
D) ​a cause-and-effect relationship between the two measures

Question 8

A researcher develops a 20-question test to measure anxiety and administers it to a group of participants.To evaluate the reliability of the test,the researcher computes a score for the first 10 questions and a score for the last 10 questions for each participant and then computes the correlation between the two scores.What is the researcher measuring?

Accepted Answer

A) ​split-half reliability 
B) ​internal reliability 
C) test-retest reliability 
D) ​inter-rater reliability 
A) ​split-half reliability 
B) ​internal reliability 
C) test-retest reliability 
D) ​inter-rater reliability

Question 9

Using shoe size as a measure of intelligence would produce measurements that have very high test-retest reliability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A teacher separates the students in his class into high,medium,and low reading skill groups.What scale of measurement is being used to create the groups?

Accepted Answer

A) ​nominal 
B) ​ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ​ratio 
A) ​nominal 
B) ​ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ​ratio

Question 11

Measurement that includes a large error component will have very low ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​face validity 
B) ​concurrent validity 
C) reliability 
D) ​construct validity 
A) ​face validity 
B) ​concurrent validity 
C) reliability 
D) ​construct validity

Question 12

One researcher is comparing two brands of fertilizer to determine whether one produces larger pumpkins than the other.A second researcher is comparing two different elementary school physical education programs to determine whether one program produces higher self-esteem than the other.Explain why the first researcher is probably not concerned about reliability and validity of measurement,whereas the second researcher is likely concerned with these measurements.

Accepted Answer

​The first researcher could measure the

Question 13

You develop a new measure of self-efficacy and you find that people who score high on your measure also score high on a standardized measure of self-efficacy.You have demonstrated ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​concurrent validity 
B) ​divergent validity 
C) predictive validity 
D) ​reliability 
A) ​concurrent validity 
B) ​divergent validity 
C) predictive validity 
D) ​reliability

Question 14

A research study reports that participants who scored high on a new test measuring self-esteem made eye contact during an interview whereas participants who scored low on the test avoided eye contact.Assuming that more eye contact is associated with higher self-esteem,this study is a demonstration of ____ validity.

Accepted Answer

A) ​face 
B) ​concurrent 
C) predictive 
D) ​convergent 
A) ​face 
B) ​concurrent 
C) predictive 
D) ​convergent

Question 15

Why is the range effect known as a "ceiling effect" a problem for researchers?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​The scores are already so high that there is no chance of measuring improvement. 
B) ​The scores are already so low that there is no chance of measuring a decrease. 
C) There is so much room for improvement that the measurements are almost certain to   increase. 
D) ​There is so much room for lower performance that the measurement are almost certain   to decrease. 
A) ​The scores are already so high that there is no chance of measuring improvement. 
B) ​The scores are already so low that there is no chance of measuring a decrease. 
C) There is so much room for improvement that the measurements are almost certain to   increase. 
D) ​There is so much room for lower performance that the measurement are almost certain   to decrease.

Question 16

Demand characteristics are cues within a research study that suggest how the participants are expected to behave or respond.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Research results indicate that the more time individuals spend watching educational television programs as preschool children,the higher their high school grades will be.This is an example of a ____ relationship between variables.

Accepted Answer

A) ​cause-and-effect 
B) ​coincidental 
C) positive 
D) ​negative 
A) ​cause-and-effect 
B) ​coincidental 
C) positive 
D) ​negative

Question 18

Using an anonymous questionnaire to determine how many times students send or receive text messages during class is an example of using what modality of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A) ​self-report 
B) ​survey 
C) behavioral 
D) ​physiological 
A) ​self-report 
B) ​survey 
C) behavioral 
D) ​physiological

Question 19

When using operational definitions,it is important to keep in mind that the operational definition ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​must provide a direct measure of the construct 
B) ​must provide a valid method of measurement but need not be reliable 
C) should include extra components that are not part of the construct 
D) ​is not the same as the construct itself 
A) ​must provide a direct measure of the construct 
B) ​must provide a valid method of measurement but need not be reliable 
C) should include extra components that are not part of the construct 
D) ​is not the same as the construct itself

Question 20

Individuals who score low on one variable also tend to score low on another variable.This is an example of a negative relationship between variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

If a researcher measures two individuals on a nominal scale,it is impossible to determine which individual has the larger score.

If people score high on one measure and also score high on another measure,there is ____.

What is a "subject role" that might be adopted by participants responding to the demand characteristics of a research study?

Describe what new information is obtained from measurements on an interval scale compared to measurements from an ordinal scale.

A reliable measurement procedure produces similar scores when the same individuals are measured twice under similar conditions.

Describe one type of range effect and explain how a range effect can influence the results of a research study.

If people score low on one measure and also score low on another measure,there is ____

Using shoe size as a measure of intelligence would produce measurements that have very high test-retest reliability.

A teacher separates the students in his class into high,medium,and low reading skill groups.What scale of measurement is being used to create the groups?

Measurement that includes a large error component will have very low ____.

You develop a new measure of self-efficacy and you find that people who score high on your measure also score high on a standardized measure of self-efficacy.You have demonstrated ____.

Why is the range effect known as a "ceiling effect" a problem for researchers?

Demand characteristics are cues within a research study that suggest how the participants are expected to behave or respond.

Research results indicate that the more time individuals spend watching educational television programs as preschool children,the higher their high school grades will be.This is an example of a ____ relationship between variables.

Using an anonymous questionnaire to determine how many times students send or receive text messages during class is an example of using what modality of measurement?

When using operational definitions,it is important to keep in mind that the operational definition ____.

Individuals who score low on one variable also tend to score low on another variable.This is an example of a negative relationship between variables.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Correlational Research Strategy.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

Exam 3: Defining and Measuring Variables.

If a researcher measures two individuals on a nominal scale,it is impossible to determine which individual has the larger score.

If people score high on one measure and also score high on another measure,there is ____.

What is a "subject role" that might be adopted by participants responding to the demand characteristics of a research study?

Describe what new information is obtained from measurements on an interval scale compared to measurements from an ordinal scale.

A reliable measurement procedure produces similar scores when the same individuals are measured twice under similar conditions.

Describe one type of range effect and explain how a range effect can influence the results of a research study.

If people score low on one measure and also score low on another measure,there is ____

Using shoe size as a measure of intelligence would produce measurements that have very high test-retest reliability.

A teacher separates the students in his class into high,medium,and low reading skill groups.What scale of measurement is being used to create the groups?

Measurement that includes a large error component will have very low ____.

You develop a new measure of self-efficacy and you find that people who score high on your measure also score high on a standardized measure of self-efficacy.You have demonstrated ____.

Why is the range effect known as a "ceiling effect" a problem for researchers?​

Demand characteristics are cues within a research study that suggest how the participants are expected to behave or respond.

Research results indicate that the more time individuals spend watching educational television programs as preschool children,the higher their high school grades will be.This is an example of a ____ relationship between variables.

Using an anonymous questionnaire to determine how many times students send or receive text messages during class is an example of using what modality of measurement?

When using operational definitions,it is important to keep in mind that the operational definition ____.

Individuals who score low on one variable also tend to score low on another variable.This is an example of a negative relationship between variables.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Correlational Research Strategy.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

Why is the range effect known as a "ceiling effect" a problem for researchers?