Question 1

A Pearson correlation of r = -1.00 means that all the data points fit perfectly on a straight line.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Explain how the purpose of the correlational research strategy differs from the experimental research strategy.

Accepted Answer

​The goal of the correlational research

Question 3

Which statement correctly identifies a similarity between a correlational study and the differential research design?

Accepted Answer

A) ​Both demonstrate differences among groups between groups. 
B) ​Both use one of the two variables to create groups of participants. 
C) Both involve two groups with one score for each participant. 
D) ​Both demonstrate the existence of a relationship between two variables. 
A) ​Both demonstrate differences among groups between groups. 
B) ​Both use one of the two variables to create groups of participants. 
C) Both involve two groups with one score for each participant. 
D) ​Both demonstrate the existence of a relationship between two variables.

Question 4

When the data for a correlational study consists of one or more scores that are not numerical values,the relationship between the variables cannot be evaluated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Describe how correlational studies can be used.

Accepted Answer

Three important uses of correl

Question 6

Which example illustrates a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) ​Salary level increases as educational level decreases. 
B) ​Salary level decreases as educational level decreases. 
C) Educational level decreases as salary level increases. 
D) ​Educational level stays the same as salary level increases. 
A) ​Salary level increases as educational level decreases. 
B) ​Salary level decreases as educational level decreases. 
C) Educational level decreases as salary level increases. 
D) ​Educational level stays the same as salary level increases.

Question 7

The coefficient of determination is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​computed by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient 
B) ​computed by squaring the correlation coefficient 
C) identical to the correlation coefficient 
D) ​independent of the value of the correlation coefficient 
A) ​computed by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient 
B) ​computed by squaring the correlation coefficient 
C) identical to the correlation coefficient 
D) ​independent of the value of the correlation coefficient

Question 8

What is most characteristic of a correlational study?

Accepted Answer

A) ​manipulation of an independent variable 
B) ​control of variables 
C) separation of participants into groups based on a specific individual characteristic 
D) ​a focus on evaluating whether a relationship exists between variables 
A) ​manipulation of an independent variable 
B) ​control of variables 
C) separation of participants into groups based on a specific individual characteristic 
D) ​a focus on evaluating whether a relationship exists between variables

Question 9

The electric company uses the correlation between summer temperatures and energy consumption to anticipate energy demands.In this example,temperature is the criterion variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A researcher would like to examine the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance for high school students.This researcher could use a correlational study or a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A) differential study comparing academic performance scores for a group of high self-esteem students and a group of low self-esteem students. 
B) experimental study comparing academic performance scores for a group of high self-esteem students and a group of low self-esteem students. 
C) descriptive study examining self-esteem for a group of students who are in the top 25% of their high school class. 
D) case study of a student with extremely low self-esteem but outstanding academic performance 
A) differential study comparing academic performance scores for a group of high self-esteem students and a group of low self-esteem students. 
B) experimental study comparing academic performance scores for a group of high self-esteem students and a group of low self-esteem students. 
C) descriptive study examining self-esteem for a group of students who are in the top 25% of their high school class. 
D) case study of a student with extremely low self-esteem but outstanding academic performance

Question 11

It is possible for a sample to have a real,non-zero correlation,even though the correlation for the general population is zero.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The goal of the correlational research strategy is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​describe mean differences between groups 
B) ​describe mean differences over time 
C) examine and describe the relationship between variables 
D) ​describe an individual nonhuman subject in great detail 
A) ​describe mean differences between groups 
B) ​describe mean differences over time 
C) examine and describe the relationship between variables 
D) ​describe an individual nonhuman subject in great detail

Question 13

The Pearson correlation measures the degree to which the X and Y data points fit on a straight line.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the correlational research strategy.
Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the cor

Accepted Answer

The strengths of the correlational resea

Question 15

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right 
B) ​clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right 
C) widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right 
D) ​widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right 
A) ​clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right 
B) ​clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right 
C) widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right 
D) ​widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right

Question 16

For a positive correlation,decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Suppose there is a correlation of +0.87 between the length of time a person is in prison and the amount of aggression the person displays on a psychological inventory.This means that spending a longer amount of time in prison causes people to become more aggressive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In correlational studies,the consistency of a relationship is typically measured and described by the numerical value obtained for a ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​mean 
B) ​t test 
C) correlational coefficient 
D) ​standard deviation 
A) ​mean 
B) ​t test 
C) correlational coefficient 
D) ​standard deviation

Question 19

What is indicated by a negative correlation between grade point average and the number of hours spent studying for a sample of college students?

Accepted Answer

A) ​As the number of hours increases, grade point average also increases. 
B) ​As the number of hours increases, grade point average decreases. 
C) As the number of hours decreases, grade point average also decreases. 
D) ​A negative correlation indicates that there is no consistent relationship. 
A) ​As the number of hours increases, grade point average also increases. 
B) ​As the number of hours increases, grade point average decreases. 
C) As the number of hours decreases, grade point average also decreases. 
D) ​A negative correlation indicates that there is no consistent relationship.

Question 20

A Pearson correlation of r = -0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right 
B) ​clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right 
C) widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right 
D) ​widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right 
A) ​clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right 
B) ​clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right 
C) widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right 
D) ​widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right

A Pearson correlation of r = -1.00 means that all the data points fit perfectly on a straight line.

Explain how the purpose of the correlational research strategy differs from the experimental research strategy.

Which statement correctly identifies a similarity between a correlational study and the differential research design?

When the data for a correlational study consists of one or more scores that are not numerical values,the relationship between the variables cannot be evaluated.

Describe how correlational studies can be used.

Which example illustrates a positive correlation?

The coefficient of determination is ____.

What is most characteristic of a correlational study?

The electric company uses the correlation between summer temperatures and energy consumption to anticipate energy demands.In this example,temperature is the criterion variable.

A researcher would like to examine the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance for high school students.This researcher could use a correlational study or a(n)____.

It is possible for a sample to have a real,non-zero correlation,even though the correlation for the general population is zero.

The goal of the correlational research strategy is to ____.

The Pearson correlation measures the degree to which the X and Y data points fit on a straight line.

Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the correlational research strategy. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the cor

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.

For a positive correlation,decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.

Suppose there is a correlation of +0.87 between the length of time a person is in prison and the amount of aggression the person displays on a psychological inventory.This means that spending a longer amount of time in prison causes people to become more aggressive.

In correlational studies,the consistency of a relationship is typically measured and described by the numerical value obtained for a ____.

What is indicated by a negative correlation between grade point average and the number of hours spent studying for a sample of college students?

A Pearson correlation of r = -0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

Exam 12: The Correlational Research Strategy.

A Pearson correlation of r = -1.00 means that all the data points fit perfectly on a straight line.

Explain how the purpose of the correlational research strategy differs from the experimental research strategy.

Which statement correctly identifies a similarity between a correlational study and the differential research design?

When the data for a correlational study consists of one or more scores that are not numerical values,the relationship between the variables cannot be evaluated.

Describe how correlational studies can be used.

Which example illustrates a positive correlation?

The coefficient of determination is ____.

What is most characteristic of a correlational study?

The electric company uses the correlation between summer temperatures and energy consumption to anticipate energy demands.In this example,temperature is the criterion variable.

A researcher would like to examine the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance for high school students.This researcher could use a correlational study or a(n)____.

It is possible for a sample to have a real,non-zero correlation,even though the correlation for the general population is zero.

The goal of the correlational research strategy is to ____.

The Pearson correlation measures the degree to which the X and Y data points fit on a straight line.

Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the correlational research strategy. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the cor

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.

For a positive correlation,decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.

Suppose there is a correlation of +0.87 between the length of time a person is in prison and the amount of aggression the person displays on a psychological inventory.This means that spending a longer amount of time in prison causes people to become more aggressive.

In correlational studies,the consistency of a relationship is typically measured and described by the numerical value obtained for a ____.

What is indicated by a negative correlation between grade point average and the number of hours spent studying for a sample of college students?

A Pearson correlation of r = -0.25 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters