Question 1

All segments of DNA code for protein formation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

A gene variant is also called a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A) chromosome 
B) base 
C) codon 
D) pair 
E) allele 
A) chromosome 
B) base 
C) codon 
D) pair 
E) allele E

Question 3

Noncoding segments of DNA contain _____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​genetic codes for protein formation 
B) genetic codes for enzyme production 
C) instructions for the regulation of gene activity 
D) instructions for growth 
E) instructions for healing 
A) ​genetic codes for protein formation 
B) genetic codes for enzyme production 
C) instructions for the regulation of gene activity 
D) instructions for growth 
E) instructions for healing C

Question 4

Hemochromatosis is treated with medications and a diet low in _____.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium and potassium 
B) milk and milk products 
C) gluten and plant sterols 
D) calcium and vitamin D 
E) iron and vitamin C 
A) sodium and potassium 
B) milk and milk products 
C) gluten and plant sterols 
D) calcium and vitamin D 
E) iron and vitamin C

Question 5

What percentage of an individual's DNA is unique?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1% 
B) 0.9% 
C) 1% 
D) 2% 
E) 9% 
A) 0.1% 
B) 0.9% 
C) 1% 
D) 2% 
E) 9%

Question 6

DNA is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) a single helix 
B) a double helix 
C) a triple helix 
D) disc shaped 
E) non-helical 
A) a single helix 
B) a double helix 
C) a triple helix 
D) disc shaped 
E) non-helical

Question 7

Hemochromatosis is a fairly common single-gene defect disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

DNA is placed in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Individuals with hemochromatosis absorb more _____ than normal and have excessive levels in their body.

Accepted Answer

A) iron 
B) zinc 
C) vitamin B12 
D) folate 
E) calcium 
A) iron 
B) zinc 
C) vitamin B12 
D) folate 
E) calcium

Question 10

Humans all share 99.9% of the same DNA.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which structure in the nuclei of cells contains your genes?

Accepted Answer

A) membrane 
B) endoplasmic reticulum 
C) chromosomes 
D) ribosome 
E) cytoplasm 
A) membrane 
B) endoplasmic reticulum 
C) chromosomes 
D) ribosome 
E) cytoplasm

Question 12

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​chromosomes

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 13

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​gene variant

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 14

Sitosterolemia is treated by low-phenylalanine diets.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Diseases such as diabetes and cancer are typically caused by a combination of genetic factors and _____.

Accepted Answer

A) psychological factors 
B) smoking 
C) dietary habits 
D) environmental factors 
E) physical inactivity 
A) psychological factors 
B) smoking 
C) dietary habits 
D) environmental factors 
E) physical inactivity

Question 16

Individuals with hemochromatosis absorb more calcium than normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

​Catherine is a college senior who is taking a health and nutrition course.The class is studying family health history.After completing her family health history project,Catherine realizes that she has a family history of breast cancer and obesity.Catherine wants to continue to study and learn how she can reduce her risk of certain diseases through lifestyle changes.
-Catherine knows she should eat more vegetables,but she cannot stand their bitter taste.What is most likely the reason that vegetables taste intensely bitter to Catherine?

Accepted Answer

A) Catherine may have a set of genes that make her nose extremely sensitive to the smell of vegetables. 
B) Catherine may have a set of genes that make her highly sensitive to bitter tastes. 
C) Catherine's mother never liked vegetables and did not eat many when she was pregnant with Catherine; therefore,Catherine developed a genetically sensitive palate. 
D) Catherine simply believes vegetables are bitter tasting and it is all in her head. 
E) Catherine has a single-gene defect. 
A) Catherine may have a set of genes that make her nose extremely sensitive to the smell of vegetables. 
B) Catherine may have a set of genes that make her highly sensitive to bitter tastes. 
C) Catherine's mother never liked vegetables and did not eat many when she was pregnant with Catherine; therefore,Catherine developed a genetically sensitive palate. 
D) Catherine simply believes vegetables are bitter tasting and it is all in her head. 
E) Catherine has a single-gene defect.

Question 18

Disease development among people with certain genetic traits can sometimes be lowered by medications.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Some people get genes that make them highly sensitive to bitter-tasting foods.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​genome

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Exam 26: Nutrition:Gene Interactions in Health and Disease

All segments of DNA code for protein formation.

A gene variant is also called a(n)_____.

Noncoding segments of DNA contain _____.

Hemochromatosis is treated with medications and a diet low in _____.

What percentage of an individual's DNA is unique?

DNA is _____.

Hemochromatosis is a fairly common single-gene defect disorder.

DNA is placed in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Individuals with hemochromatosis absorb more _____ than normal and have excessive levels in their body.

Humans all share 99.9% of the same DNA.​

Which structure in the nuclei of cells contains your genes?

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​chromosomes

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​gene variant

Sitosterolemia is treated by low-phenylalanine diets.

Diseases such as diabetes and cancer are typically caused by a combination of genetic factors and _____.

Individuals with hemochromatosis absorb more calcium than normal.

Disease development among people with certain genetic traits can sometimes be lowered by medications.

Some people get genes that make them highly sensitive to bitter-tasting foods.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​genome

Key Nutrition Concepts and Terms

The Inside Story about Nutrition and Health

Ways of Knowing about Nutrition

Understanding Food and Nutrition Labels

Nutrition, Attitudes, and Behavior

Healthy Diets: the Dietary Guidelines: MyPlate: and More

How the Body Uses Food: Digestion and Absorption

Calories: Food: Energy: and Energy Balance

Obesity to Underweight: The Highs and Lows of Weight Status

Weight Control: The Myths and Realities

Disordered Eating:Anorexia Nervosa: Bulimia: and Pica

Useful Facts about Sugars: Starches: and Fiber

Diabetes Now

Alcohol: The Positives and Negatives

Proteins and Amino Acids

Vegetarian Diets

Food Allergies and Intolerances

Fats and Cholesterol in Health

Nutrition and Heart Disease

Vitamins and Your Health

Phytochemicals

Diet and Cancer

Good Things to Know About Minerals

Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods

Water Is an Essential Nutrient

Nutrition and Physical Fitness for Everyone

Nutrition and Physical Performance

Good Nutrition for Life: Pregnancy: Breastfeeding: and Intimacy

Nutriton for Growing Years: Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition and Health Maintenance for Adults of All Ages

The Multiple Dimensions of Food Safety

Aspects of Global Nutrition

Filters

Humans all share 99.9% of the same DNA.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -chromosomes

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -gene variant

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -genome