Exam 13: Differential Analysis: the Key to Decision Making

The Melville Corporation produces a single product called a Pong. Melville has the capacity to produce 60,000 Pongs each year. If Melville produces at capacity, the per unit costs to produce and sell one Pong are as follows: The regular selling price for one Pong is $80. A special order has been received by Melville from Mowen Corporation to purchase 6,000 Pongs next year. If this special order is accepted, the variable selling expense will be reduced by 75%. However, Melville will have to purchase a specialized machine to engrave the Mowen name on each Pong in the special order. This machine will cost $9,000 and it will have no use after the special order is filled. The total fixed manufacturing overhead and selling expenses would be unaffected by this special order. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost.Assume Melville anticipates selling only 50,000 units of Pong to regular customers next year. At what selling price for the 6,000 special order units would Melville be financially indifferent between accepting or rejecting the special order from Mowen?

Two alternatives, code-named X and Y, are under consideration at Guyer Corporation. Costs associated with the alternatives are listed below. Are the materials costs and processing costs relevant in the choice between alternatives X and Y?

The management of Bonga Corporation is considering dropping product D74F. Data from the company's accounting system for this product for last year appear below: All fixed expenses of the company are fully allocated to products in the company's accounting system. Further investigation has revealed that $111,000 of the fixed manufacturing expenses and $103,000 of the fixed selling and administrative expenses are avoidable if product D74F is discontinued.According to the company's accounting system, what is the net operating income earned by product D74F? Include all costs in this calculation-whether relevant or not.

Rebelo Corporation is presently making part E07 that is used in one of its products. A total of 17,000 units of this part are produced and used every year. The company's Accounting Department reports the following costs of producing the part at this level of activity: An outside supplier has offered to make and sell the part to the company for $20.80 each. If this offer is accepted, the supervisor's salary and all of the variable costs, including direct labor, can be avoided. The special equipment used to make the part was purchased many years ago and has no salvage value or other use. The allocated general overhead represents fixed costs of the entire company, none of which would be avoided if the part were purchased instead of produced internally. If management decides to buy part E07 from the outside supplier rather than to continue making the part, what would be the annual impact on the company's overall net operating income?

Balser Corporation manufactures and sells a number of products, including a product called JYMP. Results for last year for the manufacture and sale of JYMPs are as follows: Balser is trying to decide whether to discontinue the manufacture and sale of JYMPs. All expenses other than fixed manufacturing overhead are avoidable if the product is dropped. None of the fixed manufacturing overhead is avoidable.Assume that dropping Product JYMP would result in a $90,000 increase in the contribution margin of other products. If Balser chooses to discontinue JYMP, the annual financial advantage (disadvantage) of eliminating this product should be:

Eytchison Industrial Products Incorporated has developed a new industrial grinder, model OK-23, that is designed to offer superior performance to a comparable grinder sold by Eytchison's main competitor. The competing grinder sells for $43,000 and needs to be replaced after 1,000 hours of use. It also requires $8,000 of preventive maintenance during its useful life. Model OK-23's performance capabilities are similar to the competing grinder with two important exceptions-it needs to be replaced only after 3,000 hours of use and it requires $16,000 of preventive maintenance during its useful life.Required: From a value-based pricing standpoint what is model OK-23's economic value to the customer over its 3,000 hour life?

A complete income statement need not be prepared as part of a differential cost analysis.

Morr Logistic Solutions Corporation has developed a new forklift-model QY-49-that has been designed to outperform a competitor's best-selling forklift. The competitor's product has a useful life of 10,000 hours of service, has operating costs that average $3.70 per hour, and sells for $109,000. In contrast, model QY-49 has a useful life of 40,000 hours of service and its operating cost is $2.10 per hour. Morr has not yet established a selling price for model QY-49.From a value-based pricing standpoint what range of possible prices should Morr consider when setting a price for QY-49?

WP Corporation produces products X, Y, and Z from a single raw material input in a joint production process. Budgeted data for the next month is as follows: The cost of the joint raw material input is $149,000. Which of the products should be processed beyond the split-off point?

Part U16 is used by Mcvean Corporation to make one of its products. A total of 21,000 units of this part are produced and used every year. The company's Accounting Department reports the following costs of producing the part at this level of activity: An outside supplier has offered to make the part and sell it to the company for $31.10 each. If this offer is accepted, the supervisor's salary and all of the variable costs, including the direct labor, can be avoided. The special equipment used to make the part was purchased many years ago and has no salvage value or other use. The allocated general overhead represents fixed costs of the entire company, none of which would be avoided if the part were purchased instead of produced internally. In addition, the space used to make part U16 could be used to make more of one of the company's other products, generating an additional segment margin of $33,000 per year for that product. The annual financial advantage (disadvantage) for the company as a result of buying part U16 from the outside supplier should be:

Consider the following production and cost data for two products, L and C: A total of 60,000 machine minutes are available each period and there is unlimited demand for each product. What is the largest possible total contribution margin that can be realized each period?

Boney Corporation processes sugar beets that it purchases from farmers. Sugar beets are processed in batches. A batch of sugar beets costs $64 to buy from farmers and $23 to crush in the company's plant. Two intermediate products, beet fiber and beet juice, emerge from the crushing process. The beet fiber can be sold as is for $34 or processed further for $37 to make the end product industrial fiber that is sold for $85. The beet juice can be sold as is for $55 or processed further for $41 to make the end product refined sugar that is sold for $85.What is the financial advantage (disadvantage) for the company from processing one batch of sugar beets into the end products industrial fiber and refined sugar rather than not processing that batch at all?

Saalfrank Corporation is considering two alternatives that are code-named M and N. Costs associated with the alternatives are listed below: Required:a. Which costs are relevant and which are not relevant in the choice between these two alternatives?b. What is the differential cost between the two alternatives?

Magney, Incorporated, uses the absorption costing approach to cost-plus pricing described in the text to set prices for its products. Based on budgeted sales of 43,000 units next year, the unit product cost of a particular product is $62.00. The company's selling and administrative expenses for this product are budgeted to be $820,000 in total for the year. The company has invested $490,000 in this product and expects a return on investment of 11%.The selling price for this product based on the absorption costing approach would be closest to: (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

Chruch Corporation manufactures numerous products, one of which is called Tau42. The company has provided the following data about this product: What is the net operating income for product Tau42 at the current price?

The management of Bonga Corporation is considering dropping product D74F. Data from the company's accounting system for this product for last year appear below: All fixed expenses of the company are fully allocated to products in the company's accounting system. Further investigation has revealed that $198,000 of the fixed manufacturing expenses and $109,000 of the fixed selling and administrative expenses are avoidable if product D74F is discontinued.According to the company's accounting system, what is the net operating income (loss) earned by product D74F? Include all costs in this calculation-whether relevant or not.

Ladle Corporation uses the absorption costing approach to cost-plus pricing described in the text to set prices for its products. Based on budgeted sales of 88,000 units next year, the unit product cost of a particular product is $46.00. The company's selling and administrative expenses for this product are budgeted to be $1,905,000 in total for the year. The company has invested $269,000 in this product and expects a return on investment of 12%.The markup on absorption cost for this product would be closest to:

The management of Musselman Corporation would like to set the selling price on a new product using the absorption costing approach to cost-plus pricing. The company's accounting department has supplied the following estimates for the new product: Management plans to produce and sell 9,000 units of the new product annually. The new product would require an investment of $1,305,000 and has a required return on investment of 10%.The markup percentage on absorption cost is closest to:

One of the employees of Davenport Corporation recently was involved in an accident with one of the corporation's delivery vans. The corporation is either going to repair the damaged van or sell it as is and buy a comparable used van. Information related to this decision is provided below: Based on the information above, Davenport would be financially better off:

The following are Silver Corporation's unit costs of making and selling an item at a volume of 8,000 units per month (which represents the company's capacity): Present sales amount to 7,000 units per month. An order has been received from a customer in a foreign market for 1,000 units. The order would not affect regular sales. Total fixed costs, both manufacturing and selling and administrative, would not be affected by this order. The variable selling and administrative costs would have to be incurred for this special order as well as all other sales. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost.Assume the company has 50 units left over from last year which have small defects and which will have to be sold at a reduced price for scrap. The sale of these defective units will have no effect on the company's other sales. Which of the following costs is relevant in this decision?