Question 1

Lactate is formed and accumulates when the rate of glycolytic production of pyruvate and NADH exceeds the rate at which these products are shuttled into the mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Fat contains more energy per gram than carbohydrates; therefore, ATP can be produced more rapidly from fats than from carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

VO2 max is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  the maximum ability of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to the muscle. 
B)  the ability of the muscle to take up and use oxygen to produce ATP. 
C)  both a and b. 
D)  neither a nor b. 
A)  the maximum ability of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to the muscle. 
B)  the ability of the muscle to take up and use oxygen to produce ATP. 
C)  both a and b. 
D)  neither a nor b.

Question 4

The energy to perform long-term exercise (i.e., >20 minutes) comes primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic metabolism. 
B)  a combination of aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, with anaerobic metabolism producing the bulk of the ATP. 
C)  anaerobic metabolism. 
D)  anaerobic metabolism, with the ATP-PC system producing the bulk of the ATP. 
A)  aerobic metabolism. 
B)  a combination of aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, with anaerobic metabolism producing the bulk of the ATP. 
C)  anaerobic metabolism. 
D)  anaerobic metabolism, with the ATP-PC system producing the bulk of the ATP.

Question 5

Most of the carbohydrate (e.g., for a rested, well-fed athlete) used as a substrate during high-intensity exercise comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle glycogen stores. 
B)  blood glucose. 
C)  liver glycogen stores. 
D)  glycogen stored in fat cells. 
A)  muscle glycogen stores. 
B)  blood glucose. 
C)  liver glycogen stores. 
D)  glycogen stored in fat cells.

Question 6

The exercise intensity at which blood levels reach four millimoles per liter is termed the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The progressive increase in the percent energy from carbohydrates and a decrease in the percent energy from fat is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate shift phenomenon. 
B)  RQ effect. 
C)  crossover concept. 
D)  glycolytic surge. 
A)  substrate shift phenomenon. 
B)  RQ effect. 
C)  crossover concept. 
D)  glycolytic surge.

Question 8

Which of the following is true concerning VO2 max?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs at a lower intensity of exercise than the lactate threshold. 
B)  It is the maximal volume of oxygen that can be breathed into the lungs in one minute. 
C)  It is a valid measure of cardiovascular fitness. 
D)  It is the highest VO2 achieved during prolonged steady-state exercise. 
A)  It occurs at a lower intensity of exercise than the lactate threshold. 
B)  It is the maximal volume of oxygen that can be breathed into the lungs in one minute. 
C)  It is a valid measure of cardiovascular fitness. 
D)  It is the highest VO2 achieved during prolonged steady-state exercise.

Question 9

Trained individuals have a lower oxygen deficit; this may be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  having a lower VO2 max. 
B)  having a greater reliance on anaerobic pathways. 
C)  the involvement of the ATP-CP energy system. 
D)  having a better developed aerobic bioenergetic capacity. 
A)  having a lower VO2 max. 
B)  having a greater reliance on anaerobic pathways. 
C)  the involvement of the ATP-CP energy system. 
D)  having a better developed aerobic bioenergetic capacity.

Question 10

Which of the following factors may explain the rise in blood lactic acid at the lactate threshold?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased rate of lactate production 
B)  an increased rate of removal of lactic acid from the blood 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  an increased rate of lactate production 
B)  an increased rate of removal of lactic acid from the blood 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 11

Which of the following is true concerning the Cori Cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is one means of decreasing (metabolizing) accumulated lactate. 
B)  It may increase liver glycogen content. 
C)  It is supplied by glucose that has been removed from the blood. 
D)  It is a means by which glucose is synthesized from amino acids removed from the blood. 
A)  It is one means of decreasing (metabolizing) accumulated lactate. 
B)  It may increase liver glycogen content. 
C)  It is supplied by glucose that has been removed from the blood. 
D)  It is a means by which glucose is synthesized from amino acids removed from the blood.

Question 12

Depletion of carbohydrate stores during exercise influences fat metabolism by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the amount of muscle lactic acid production. 
B)  reducing the level of Krebs cycle intermediates. 
C)  increasing the rate of fat metabolism. 
D)  reducing the rate of protein metabolism. 
A)  increasing the amount of muscle lactic acid production. 
B)  reducing the level of Krebs cycle intermediates. 
C)  increasing the rate of fat metabolism. 
D)  reducing the rate of protein metabolism.

Question 13

The primary fuel source during high-intensity (85% VO2 max) exercise is

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle glycogen. 
B)  blood glucose. 
C)  muscle triglycerides. 
D)  plasma FFA. 
A)  muscle glycogen. 
B)  blood glucose. 
C)  muscle triglycerides. 
D)  plasma FFA.

Question 14

The drift upward of VO2 during constant-load exercise in a hot environment is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  rising blood levels of lactate. 
B)  decreasing blood levels of hormones. 
C)  increasing body temperature. 
D)  decreasing body temperature. 
A)  rising blood levels of lactate. 
B)  decreasing blood levels of hormones. 
C)  increasing body temperature. 
D)  decreasing body temperature.

Question 15

Which of the following conditions would result in a higher EPOC?

Accepted Answer

A)  higher intensity of exercise 
B)  lower intensity of exercise 
C)  lower body temperature 
D)  lower blood lactate 
A)  higher intensity of exercise 
B)  lower intensity of exercise 
C)  lower body temperature 
D)  lower blood lactate

Question 16

Removal of lactic acid following a bout of intense exercise is

Accepted Answer

A)  more rapid if the subject rests, compared to performing light exercise. 
B)  more rapid if the subject performs heavy exercise (>70% VO2 max), compared to rest. 
C)  more rapid if the subject performs light exercise (~30% VO2 max), compared to rest. 
D)  the same whether the subject rests or performs light exercise (~30% VO2 max). 
A)  more rapid if the subject rests, compared to performing light exercise. 
B)  more rapid if the subject performs heavy exercise (>70% VO2 max), compared to rest. 
C)  more rapid if the subject performs light exercise (~30% VO2 max), compared to rest. 
D)  the same whether the subject rests or performs light exercise (~30% VO2 max).

Question 17

Energy to run a maximal 400-meter race (i.e., 50 to 60 seconds) comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic metabolism exclusively. 
B)  mostly aerobic metabolism with some anaerobic metabolism. 
C)  a combination of aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, with most of the ATP coming from anaerobic sources. 
D)  the ATP-CP system exclusively. 
A)  aerobic metabolism exclusively. 
B)  mostly aerobic metabolism with some anaerobic metabolism. 
C)  a combination of aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, with most of the ATP coming from anaerobic sources. 
D)  the ATP-CP system exclusively.

Question 18

After the first few minutes of constant-load, submaximal exercise, VO2 reaches steady state, indicating that

Accepted Answer

A)  the ATP demand is being met aerobically. 
B)  levels of lactic acid in the blood are very high. 
C)  the exercise can be continued indefinitely without fatigue. 
D)  the oxygen uptake is not sufficient to meet the ATP demand. 
A)  the ATP demand is being met aerobically. 
B)  levels of lactic acid in the blood are very high. 
C)  the exercise can be continued indefinitely without fatigue. 
D)  the oxygen uptake is not sufficient to meet the ATP demand.

Question 19

During the "rapid" portion of the oxygen debt (or EPOC), the excess VO2 is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  high body temperature. 
B)  gluconeogenesis. 
C)  restoration of muscle CP and blood and muscle oxygen stores. 
D)  elevated blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. 
A)  high body temperature. 
B)  gluconeogenesis. 
C)  restoration of muscle CP and blood and muscle oxygen stores. 
D)  elevated blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 20

The lactate threshold is defined as the work rate or oxygen uptake at which there is a systematic

Accepted Answer

A)  rise in blood levels of lactic acid. 
B)  rise in aerobic metabolism. 
C)  decrease in blood lactic acid concentration. 
D)  rise in blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase. 
A)  rise in blood levels of lactic acid. 
B)  rise in aerobic metabolism. 
C)  decrease in blood lactic acid concentration. 
D)  rise in blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase.

Exam 5: Exercise Metabolism

Lactate is formed and accumulates when the rate of glycolytic production of pyruvate and NADH exceeds the rate at which these products are shuttled into the mitochondria.

Fat contains more energy per gram than carbohydrates; therefore, ATP can be produced more rapidly from fats than from carbohydrates.

VO2 max is determined by

The energy to perform long-term exercise (i.e., >20 minutes) comes primarily from

Most of the carbohydrate (e.g., for a rested, well-fed athlete) used as a substrate during high-intensity exercise comes from

The exercise intensity at which blood levels reach four millimoles per liter is termed the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA).

The progressive increase in the percent energy from carbohydrates and a decrease in the percent energy from fat is called the

Which of the following is true concerning VO2 max?

Trained individuals have a lower oxygen deficit; this may be due to

Which of the following factors may explain the rise in blood lactic acid at the lactate threshold?

Which of the following is true concerning the Cori Cycle?

Depletion of carbohydrate stores during exercise influences fat metabolism by

The primary fuel source during high-intensity (85% VO2 max) exercise is

The drift upward of VO2 during constant-load exercise in a hot environment is due to

Which of the following conditions would result in a higher EPOC?

Removal of lactic acid following a bout of intense exercise is

Energy to run a maximal 400-meter race (i.e., 50 to 60 seconds) comes from

After the first few minutes of constant-load, submaximal exercise, VO2 reaches steady state, indicating that

During the "rapid" portion of the oxygen debt (or EPOC), the excess VO2 is due to

The lactate threshold is defined as the work rate or oxygen uptake at which there is a systematic

Introduction to Exercise Physiology

Common Measurements in Exercise Physiology

Control of the Internal Environment

Bioenergetics

Cell Signaling and the Hormonal Responses to Exercise

Exercise and the Immune System

The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement

Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function

Circulatory Responses to Exercise

Respiration During Exercise

Acid-Base Balance During Exercise

Temperature Regulation

The Physiology of Training: Effect on Vo2 Max, Performance, and Strength

Risk Factors and Inflammation: Links to Chronic Disease

Exercise Prescriptions for Health and Fitness

Exercise for Special Populations

Body Composition and Nutrition for Health

Factors Affecting Performance

Laboratory Assessment of Human Performance

Training for Performance

Training for the Female Athlete, Children, Special Populations, and the Masters Athlete

Nutrition, Body Composition, and Performance

Exercise and the Environment

Ergogenic Aids

Filters

VO₂ max is determined by

Which of the following is true concerning VO₂ max?

The primary fuel source during high-intensity (85% VO₂ max) exercise is

The drift upward of VO₂ during constant-load exercise in a hot environment is due to

After the first few minutes of constant-load, submaximal exercise, VO₂ reaches steady state, indicating that

During the "rapid" portion of the oxygen debt (or EPOC), the excess VO₂ is due to