Exam 8: Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

A variety of online software tools are available to aid with analyzing DNA and protein sequences. Name any three and explain what they can be used for.

What feature of eukaryotes makes annotation more difficult?

Which drug intercalates into DNA and inhibits transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Which form of RNA has the task of unsticking stuck ribosomes?

The role of ExPortal in Streptococci is to

During transcription of the ________ genes, normal, unmodified bases are incorporated, but specific enzymes modify some of these later.

At times a ribosome may get stuck with an mRNA that has been damaged so that there is no stop codon. What happens to this ribosome to fix this problem?

Define "half-life" in terms of mRNA. Biologically, why is it important that the half-life of mRNA be the shortest of the RNAs? What chemically leads to a longer half-life for tRNAs and rRNAs?

Explain the process of transcription initiation.

The importance of the stop codon UAG is that it

In the figure shown below, the RfaH protein is undergoing a change from ________ as a result of binding to ________.

SRP stands for ________, and it plays a role in ________.

Which of the following is NOT part of initiation of transcription?

Certain proteins in a bacterial cell are short-lived and are labeled with a leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, or tyrosine at the N-terminal end. These proteins are degraded by

The energy source utilized by the elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu is

________ RNA polymerase plus sigma factor together are called ________.

Genes that have arisen from a duplication within a species and have evolved to carry out different functions are referred to as

Describe how Marshal Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei utilized an E. coli cell lysate to figure out the genetic code.

How have bioinformatic approaches been helpful in designing growth media for intestinal bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii?

Which RNA species is a component of the 30S subunit of the ribosome?