Question 1

Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates the effect of mental set on problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A) Andy is trying to solve a physics problem on a class exam.He is so anxious that he cannot remember how to do the problem. 
B) Bradley cannot find the right size of test tube to complete a chemistry lab. 
C) Charlie is doing a series of addition problems.He overlooks the subtraction sign on the last problem, so he adds when he should subtract. 
D) Doug is angry that another boy stole his bicycle, and so he steals a bicycle from someone else. 
A) Andy is trying to solve a physics problem on a class exam.He is so anxious that he cannot remember how to do the problem. 
B) Bradley cannot find the right size of test tube to complete a chemistry lab. 
C) Charlie is doing a series of addition problems.He overlooks the subtraction sign on the last problem, so he adds when he should subtract. 
D) Doug is angry that another boy stole his bicycle, and so he steals a bicycle from someone else.

Question 2

Considering factors that affect transfer, identify the group of students most likely to transfer what they are learning.

Accepted Answer

A) Students in Mr.Allen's geography class are studying several countries this week, memorizing the locations of their rivers and major cities. 
B) Students in Ms.Brown's music class are practicing major chords in different keys this semester, practicing each one over and over again in different songs. 
C) Students in Mr.Ivy's science class are studying the characteristics of mammals and reptiles this week. 
D) Students in Ms.Landon's social studies class are studying major events in the history of Mexico this month, beginning with the Aztec empire and continuing until the present time. 
A) Students in Mr.Allen's geography class are studying several countries this week, memorizing the locations of their rivers and major cities. 
B) Students in Ms.Brown's music class are practicing major chords in different keys this semester, practicing each one over and over again in different songs. 
C) Students in Mr.Ivy's science class are studying the characteristics of mammals and reptiles this week. 
D) Students in Ms.Landon's social studies class are studying major events in the history of Mexico this month, beginning with the Aztec empire and continuing until the present time.

Question 3

Which one of the following best describes the main difference between algorithm and heuristic?

Accepted Answer

A) difficulty level. 
B) functionality. 
C) specificity. 
D) maintenance. 
A) difficulty level. 
B) functionality. 
C) specificity. 
D) maintenance.

Question 4

Which one of the following scenarios best reflects the basic idea of social constructivism?

Accepted Answer

A) Two students discuss possible interpretations of the proverb, "We only know the worth of water when the well is dry." 
B) A teacher assigns a laboratory activity using cumbersome equipment that students can only use successfully by working in pairs. 
C) When a student borrows a classmate's marker without asking and then leaves the cap off overnight, her teacher reminds her of one of the class rules-to respect other people's property. 
D) Four students in a study group divide the reading assignment into four sections.Each student reads a section and then teaches the material to the other group members. 
A) Two students discuss possible interpretations of the proverb, "We only know the worth of water when the well is dry." 
B) A teacher assigns a laboratory activity using cumbersome equipment that students can only use successfully by working in pairs. 
C) When a student borrows a classmate's marker without asking and then leaves the cap off overnight, her teacher reminds her of one of the class rules-to respect other people's property. 
D) Four students in a study group divide the reading assignment into four sections.Each student reads a section and then teaches the material to the other group members.

Question 5

Which one of the following is likely to be the best classroom strategy to help promote knowledge construction among students who have social or behavioural issues?

Accepted Answer

A) provide a structured environment 
B) assign challenging tasks 
C) present alternative interpretations 
D) limited peer interactions 
A) provide a structured environment 
B) assign challenging tasks 
C) present alternative interpretations 
D) limited peer interactions

Question 6

Which one of the following is a suggested strategy for teachers in the promotion of effective learning strategies among their students?

Accepted Answer

A) provide incentives for strategy use 
B) make sure that parents monitor homework 
C) have peers assist in study groups 
D) communicate what you know about knowledge and its acquisition 
A) provide incentives for strategy use 
B) make sure that parents monitor homework 
C) have peers assist in study groups 
D) communicate what you know about knowledge and its acquisition

Question 7

Three of the following teachers are helping their students solve problems more effectively? Which teacher probably is not?

Accepted Answer

A) When students struggle with arithmetic word problems, Mr.Azari gives them subtle hints about how to proceed. 
B) Mr.Coleman presents many ill-defined problems in biology and asks students to make each one more specific and clear-cut. 
C) Ms.Singh has students work on difficult problems in small, cooperative groups. 
D) Ms.Abbott teaches students abstract principles of logic (e.g., "If all As are Bs and all Bs are Cs, then..."). 
A) When students struggle with arithmetic word problems, Mr.Azari gives them subtle hints about how to proceed. 
B) Mr.Coleman presents many ill-defined problems in biology and asks students to make each one more specific and clear-cut. 
C) Ms.Singh has students work on difficult problems in small, cooperative groups. 
D) Ms.Abbott teaches students abstract principles of logic (e.g., "If all As are Bs and all Bs are Cs, then...").

Question 8

The main difference between positive transfer and negative transfer is:

Accepted Answer

A) adding vs.removing 
B) specific vs.general 
C) facilitation vs.interference 
D) teacher-driven vs.student driven 
A) adding vs.removing 
B) specific vs.general 
C) facilitation vs.interference 
D) teacher-driven vs.student driven

Question 9

People who learn a second language typically apply patterns of speech production used in their native tongue and thereby speak the second language with an accent.This phenomenon is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) general transfer. 
B) situated cognition. 
C) positive transfer. 
D) negative transfer. 
A) general transfer. 
B) situated cognition. 
C) positive transfer. 
D) negative transfer.

Question 10

Which one of the following illustrates positive transfer?

Accepted Answer

A) Robert is trying to learn the spelling of the word "shepherd," so he remembers how he learned to spell "tomcat" by putting two words together and spells it "sheepherd." 
B) Vince notices that rules of grammar are not always the same in English and Japanese. 
C) Zelda uses the formula for calculating the area of a circle when she wants to know how much bigger a 10" pizza is than a 7" pizza. 
D) David is trying to learn to program a computer.He reads his programming manual but is confused by some of its instructions. 
A) Robert is trying to learn the spelling of the word "shepherd," so he remembers how he learned to spell "tomcat" by putting two words together and spells it "sheepherd." 
B) Vince notices that rules of grammar are not always the same in English and Japanese. 
C) Zelda uses the formula for calculating the area of a circle when she wants to know how much bigger a 10" pizza is than a 7" pizza. 
D) David is trying to learn to program a computer.He reads his programming manual but is confused by some of its instructions.

Question 11

Provide a definition of epistemological beliefs and provide a concrete example of one.Provide an example of how students' epistemological beliefs can affect how they study or learn, and provide three pieces of information that teachers can communicate to help promote better strategies among their students.

Accepted Answer

Epistemological beliefs are individuals'

Question 12

Which one of the following problems is most likely to be solved with a heuristic rather than an algorithm?

Accepted Answer

A) calculating the volume of a cylinder 
B) resolving an argument 
C) finding the word "antonym" in the dictionary 
D) locating books about spiders in the school library 
A) calculating the volume of a cylinder 
B) resolving an argument 
C) finding the word "antonym" in the dictionary 
D) locating books about spiders in the school library

Question 13

The textbook recommends three of the following strategies for helping students learn to summarize class material.Which strategy does it not recommend?

Accepted Answer

A) Begin by asking students to summarize large chunks of material. 
B) Have students practice first on well-organized material. 
C) Have students work in cooperative groups to develop summaries. 
D) Ask students to summarize reading assignments on a regular basis. 
A) Begin by asking students to summarize large chunks of material. 
B) Have students practice first on well-organized material. 
C) Have students work in cooperative groups to develop summaries. 
D) Ask students to summarize reading assignments on a regular basis.

Question 14

Four boys read this line from a story: "The two men entered the restaurant and ordered hamburgers." Which one of the boys is clearly using a script while reading the story?

Accepted Answer

A) Arthur assumes that the men probably looked at a menu before ordering. 
B) Bob is guessing that the men probably have evil motives. 
C) Colby wonders what the men look like. 
D) Evan thinks that the men should be more careful about their cholesterol intake. 
A) Arthur assumes that the men probably looked at a menu before ordering. 
B) Bob is guessing that the men probably have evil motives. 
C) Colby wonders what the men look like. 
D) Evan thinks that the men should be more careful about their cholesterol intake.

Question 15

Which one of the following students illustrates an illusion of knowing?

Accepted Answer

A) Anthony does not understand the concept of entropy. 
B) Belinda does not know how to swim. 
C) Clarissa thinks she understands the concept of inertia, but she really does not. 
D) Daryl does not think he is a very good tennis player, even though he is the best player on the school tennis team. 
A) Anthony does not understand the concept of entropy. 
B) Belinda does not know how to swim. 
C) Clarissa thinks she understands the concept of inertia, but she really does not. 
D) Daryl does not think he is a very good tennis player, even though he is the best player on the school tennis team.

Question 16

Which of the following is the most likely ultimate goal in having students learn in a variety of contexts and using authentic activities?

Accepted Answer

A) to increase students' IQ scores. 
B) to have knowledge and skills become "context free". 
C) to decrease student misconceptions. 
D) to increase student skills. 
A) to increase students' IQ scores. 
B) to have knowledge and skills become "context free". 
C) to decrease student misconceptions. 
D) to increase student skills.

Question 17

Ms.Rushton, a middle school science teacher, wants her students to develop a good understanding of principles related to the concepts of force and velocity.Three of the following strategies should help her students construct such an understanding.Which strategy would educational psychologists be least likely to advocate for promoting effective knowledge construction related to force and velocity?

Accepted Answer

A) Have students experiment with objects to observe the effects that force has on velocity. 
B) Perform classroom demonstrations that illustrate the concepts of force and velocity, and have students discuss alternative interpretations of the phenomena they observe. 
C) Have students apply principles of force and velocity to a task in which they must move a heavy object across the room. 
D) Make sure that students can recite definitions of both force and velocity, and that they can state basic principles regarding how the two are interrelated. 
A) Have students experiment with objects to observe the effects that force has on velocity. 
B) Perform classroom demonstrations that illustrate the concepts of force and velocity, and have students discuss alternative interpretations of the phenomena they observe. 
C) Have students apply principles of force and velocity to a task in which they must move a heavy object across the room. 
D) Make sure that students can recite definitions of both force and velocity, and that they can state basic principles regarding how the two are interrelated.

Question 18

Three of the following are authentic activities related to using a computer.Which one is, in and of itself, not an authentic activity?

Accepted Answer

A) learning how to save files on a hard drive 
B) writing a letter to a friend using a word processing program 
C) sending an e-mail message to a government official 
D) analyzing data collected in a science experiment 
A) learning how to save files on a hard drive 
B) writing a letter to a friend using a word processing program 
C) sending an e-mail message to a government official 
D) analyzing data collected in a science experiment

Question 19

Critical thinking can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) knowing the best course of action to take in complex situations. 
B) using heuristics to solve problems. 
C) keeping an open mind. 
D) judging the value of information or arguments. 
A) knowing the best course of action to take in complex situations. 
B) using heuristics to solve problems. 
C) keeping an open mind. 
D) judging the value of information or arguments.

Question 20

Which one of the following teachers in not necessarily helping students to identify important information?

Accepted Answer

A) Ms.Hansen underlines definitions. 
B) Mr.Peters presents text along with a diagram. 
C) Mr.Nault includes "fun facts". 
D) Ms Thomson uses red font. 
A) Ms.Hansen underlines definitions. 
B) Mr.Peters presents text along with a diagram. 
C) Mr.Nault includes "fun facts". 
D) Ms Thomson uses red font.

Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates the effect of mental set on problem solving?

Considering factors that affect transfer, identify the group of students most likely to transfer what they are learning.

Which one of the following best describes the main difference between algorithm and heuristic?

Which one of the following scenarios best reflects the basic idea of social constructivism?

Which one of the following is likely to be the best classroom strategy to help promote knowledge construction among students who have social or behavioural issues?

Which one of the following is a suggested strategy for teachers in the promotion of effective learning strategies among their students?

Three of the following teachers are helping their students solve problems more effectively? Which teacher probably is not?

The main difference between positive transfer and negative transfer is:

People who learn a second language typically apply patterns of speech production used in their native tongue and thereby speak the second language with an accent.This phenomenon is an example of:

Which one of the following illustrates positive transfer?

Which one of the following problems is most likely to be solved with a heuristic rather than an algorithm?

The textbook recommends three of the following strategies for helping students learn to summarize class material.Which strategy does it not recommend?

Four boys read this line from a story: "The two men entered the restaurant and ordered hamburgers." Which one of the boys is clearly using a script while reading the story?

Which one of the following students illustrates an illusion of knowing?

Which of the following is the most likely ultimate goal in having students learn in a variety of contexts and using authentic activities?

Three of the following are authentic activities related to using a computer.Which one is, in and of itself, not an authentic activity?

Critical thinking can best be described as:

Which one of the following teachers in not necessarily helping students to identify important information?

Educational Psychology and Teacher Decision Making

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Individual and Group Differences

Learning and Behaviour Processes

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation, Affect, and Cognition

Instructional Strategies

Creating and Maintaining a Productive Classroom Environment

Instructional Assessment

Describing Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Filters

Exam 7: Knowledge Construction

Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates the effect of mental set on problem solving?

Considering factors that affect transfer, identify the group of students most likely to transfer what they are learning.

Which one of the following best describes the main difference between algorithm and heuristic?

Which one of the following scenarios best reflects the basic idea of social constructivism?

Which one of the following is likely to be the best classroom strategy to help promote knowledge construction among students who have social or behavioural issues?

Which one of the following is a suggested strategy for teachers in the promotion of effective learning strategies among their students?

Three of the following teachers are helping their students solve problems more effectively? Which teacher probably is not?

The main difference between positive transfer and negative transfer is:

People who learn a second language typically apply patterns of speech production used in their native tongue and thereby speak the second language with an accent.This phenomenon is an example of:

Which one of the following illustrates positive transfer?

Which one of the following problems is most likely to be solved with a heuristic rather than an algorithm?

The textbook recommends three of the following strategies for helping students learn to summarize class material.Which strategy does it not recommend?

Four boys read this line from a story: "The two men entered the restaurant and ordered hamburgers." Which one of the boys is clearly using a script while reading the story?

Which one of the following students illustrates an illusion of knowing?

Which of the following is the most likely ultimate goal in having students learn in a variety of contexts and using authentic activities?

Three of the following are authentic activities related to using a computer.Which one is, in and of itself, not an authentic activity?

Critical thinking can best be described as:

Which one of the following teachers in not necessarily helping students to identify important information?

Educational Psychology and Teacher Decision Making

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Individual and Group Differences

Learning and Behaviour Processes

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation, Affect, and Cognition

Instructional Strategies

Creating and Maintaining a Productive Classroom Environment

Instructional Assessment

Describing Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Filters