Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

Which elements are represented by the Medicine Wheel?

John Locke said children begin life without natural predispositions.

The information-processing perspective describes people's strategies for problem solving. What is used as a metaphor for describing these strategies?

What is the focus of sociocultural theory?

Stage theories consider development as a discontinuous process.

What is the dependent variable?

"Tabula rasa" means "blank slate."

How does the information-processing theory use the computer metaphor to describe human cognition?

Researchers have found no difference between adolescent and adult performance on intellectual tasks.

Who conceptualized and introduced the concept of reinforcement into behaviourism?

Which of the following is considered to be a positive influence of Erikson's theory?

Which of the following is an example of an exosystem?

Cynthia's mother gives her an apple each day and tells her that apples are "fruit." One day, Cynthia's mother gives her an orange. She tells Cynthia the orange is also "fruit." How does Cynthia process this new information and her schema of "fruit"?

How is the scientific method used to examine human development?

What is the experimental group?

What did Piaget conclude from his work at the Binet Institute in Paris?

What observation caused Piaget to see children as "natural physicists"?

Philosophers once believed children to be a "tabula rasa." What is meant by this belief?

Zack has been wetting the bed. A special pad is placed under him while he is sleeping. If the pad becomes wet, a circuit closes, causing a bell to ring. After several repetitions, Zack learns to wake up before wetting the pad. Over time, Zack stops wetting the bed altogether. What is this behavioural technique an example of?

Ethology was heavily influenced by the work of Charles Darwin.