Question 1

Which statement best describes the experience of most children during the 20th century?

Accepted Answer

A)  They received less education than during previous centuries. 
B)  They tended to marry at a younger age than during previous centuries. 
C)  They had greater legal protections compared with earlier periods of history. 
D)  They were considered the property of their parents and therefore the law did not protect them from physical and sexual abuse. 
A)  They received less education than during previous centuries. 
B)  They tended to marry at a younger age than during previous centuries. 
C)  They had greater legal protections compared with earlier periods of history. 
D)  They were considered the property of their parents and therefore the law did not protect them from physical and sexual abuse.

Question 2

Which of the following is emphasized by the sociocultural perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  age 
B)  cognition 
C)  gender 
D)  genetics 
A)  age 
B)  cognition 
C)  gender 
D)  genetics

Question 3

Which developmental theorist suggested that a child is born with unlimited possibilities but can develop in unimaginable ways as a result of direction, guidance, and teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)  John Watson 
B)  B.F. Skinner 
C)  Jean Piaget 
D)  John Locke 
A)  John Watson 
B)  B.F. Skinner 
C)  Jean Piaget 
D)  John Locke

Question 4

According to operant conditioning, what leads to a changed behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  innate processes 
B)  reinforcements or punishments 
C)  mental evaluation of a situation 
D)  pairing two stimuli to produce a response 
A)  innate processes 
B)  reinforcements or punishments 
C)  mental evaluation of a situation 
D)  pairing two stimuli to produce a response

Question 5

A study is investigating the effects of divorce on children over time. Which of Bronfenbrenner's systems is the study examining?

Accepted Answer

A)  an exosystem 
B)  a mesosystem 
C)  a macrosystem 
D)  a chronosystem
HYPOTHESIS
Dr) Morgan forms the hypothesis that ingesting chocolate prior to an exam will improve exam performance. She gives chocolate to half of her participants and gum to the other half. She then gives the participants an exam. 
A)  an exosystem 
B)  a mesosystem 
C)  a macrosystem 
D)  a chronosystem
HYPOTHESIS
Dr) Morgan forms the hypothesis that ingesting chocolate prior to an exam will improve exam performance. She gives chocolate to half of her participants and gum to the other half. She then gives the participants an exam.

Question 6

In an attempt to compare instructional strategies in various elementary schools, educational researchers are sampling the reading skills of third graders every six months for five years. What type of research are they applying?

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic research 
B)  longitudinal research 
C)  cross-sectional research 
D)  cross-sequential research 
A)  naturalistic research 
B)  longitudinal research 
C)  cross-sectional research 
D)  cross-sequential research

Question 7

What is a defining characteristic of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is physical, such as a spanking. 
B)  It decreases the frequency of a behaviour. 
C)  It works equally as well as reinforcements. 
D)  It is considered the best method of childrearing. 
A)  It is physical, such as a spanking. 
B)  It decreases the frequency of a behaviour. 
C)  It works equally as well as reinforcements. 
D)  It is considered the best method of childrearing.

Question 8

Who was most interested in how children perceive and mentally represent the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Erikson 
D)  Piaget 
A)  Freud 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Erikson 
D)  Piaget

Question 9

Erikson's theory is completely dissimilar to Freud's.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The theory of ethology refers to built-in or instinctive behaviours. What is another term for these behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A)  nurturing 
B)  assimilation 
C)  released stimuli 
D)  fixed action patterns 
A)  nurturing 
B)  assimilation 
C)  released stimuli 
D)  fixed action patterns

Question 11

How has the concept of "family life" changed over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has remained constant throughout history. 
B)  It decreased in size during the Industrial Revolution, allowing only one child per family. 
C)  It was narrowed to include just the nuclear family during the Industrial Revolution. 
D)  It has grown to include a broader range of family members, such as cousins, aunts, and uncles. 
A)  It has remained constant throughout history. 
B)  It decreased in size during the Industrial Revolution, allowing only one child per family. 
C)  It was narrowed to include just the nuclear family during the Industrial Revolution. 
D)  It has grown to include a broader range of family members, such as cousins, aunts, and uncles.

Question 12

What is Mark's unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  saying "gotcha" 
B)  touching his neck 
C)  laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  laughing when his neck is touched 
A)  saying "gotcha" 
B)  touching his neck 
C)  laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  laughing when his neck is touched

Question 13

What theorist from the 1700s would most likely have said: "Every child I meet is an empty canvas waiting to be beautifully created"?

Accepted Answer

A)  John Locke 
B)  Alfred Binet 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
A)  John Locke 
B)  Alfred Binet 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 14

Children enter the latency stage at 5 or 6 years of age. How long do they stay in this stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  They generally stay there until puberty. 
B)  They stay there until the anal stage at age 8. 
C)  They usually do not progress to any further stage. 
D)  They then enter the phallic stage at adolescence. 
A)  They generally stay there until puberty. 
B)  They stay there until the anal stage at age 8. 
C)  They usually do not progress to any further stage. 
D)  They then enter the phallic stage at adolescence.

Question 15

What is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  the group that chews gum 
B)  the group that eats chocolate 
C)  the performance on the exam 
D)  whether the participants eat chocolate or chew gum 
A)  the group that chews gum 
B)  the group that eats chocolate 
C)  the performance on the exam 
D)  whether the participants eat chocolate or chew gum

Question 16

Information-processing theory uses the computer as a metaphor for human thinking and memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been widely studied. Which statement is most likely to be an evaluation of his theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget completely misunderstood children's ability to think logically. 
B)  Piaget was correct that cognitive development occurs in distinct stages. 
C)  Piaget overrated the ages at which children are capable of doing certain things. 
D)  Piaget underestimated the ages at which children are capable of doing certain things. 
A)  Piaget completely misunderstood children's ability to think logically. 
B)  Piaget was correct that cognitive development occurs in distinct stages. 
C)  Piaget overrated the ages at which children are capable of doing certain things. 
D)  Piaget underestimated the ages at which children are capable of doing certain things.

Question 18

What is Mark's conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  saying "gotcha" 
B)  touching his neck 
C)  laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  laughing when his neck is touched
HYPOTHESIS
Dr) Morgan forms the hypothesis that ingesting chocolate prior to an exam will improve exam performance. She gives chocolate to half of her participants and gum to the other half. She then gives the participants an exam. 
A)  saying "gotcha" 
B)  touching his neck 
C)  laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  laughing when his neck is touched
HYPOTHESIS
Dr) Morgan forms the hypothesis that ingesting chocolate prior to an exam will improve exam performance. She gives chocolate to half of her participants and gum to the other half. She then gives the participants an exam.

Question 19

According to ethology, what causes people to respond the way they do?

Accepted Answer

A)  innate behaviours 
B)  psychosexual crises 
C)  learned associations 
D)  experimentation with the environment 
A)  innate behaviours 
B)  psychosexual crises 
C)  learned associations 
D)  experimentation with the environment

Question 20

According to the textbook, when does extinction of learning occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  when classically conditioned stimuli are discontinued 
B)  never; once something is learned it is not possible to unlearn 
C)  with the passage of time, even if reinforcement continues 
D)  after repetitive performance of operant behaviour without reinforcement 
A)  when classically conditioned stimuli are discontinued 
B)  never; once something is learned it is not possible to unlearn 
C)  with the passage of time, even if reinforcement continues 
D)  after repetitive performance of operant behaviour without reinforcement

Which statement best describes the experience of most children during the 20th century?

Which of the following is emphasized by the sociocultural perspective?

Which developmental theorist suggested that a child is born with unlimited possibilities but can develop in unimaginable ways as a result of direction, guidance, and teaching?

According to operant conditioning, what leads to a changed behaviour?

A study is investigating the effects of divorce on children over time. Which of Bronfenbrenner's systems is the study examining?

In an attempt to compare instructional strategies in various elementary schools, educational researchers are sampling the reading skills of third graders every six months for five years. What type of research are they applying?

What is a defining characteristic of punishment?

Who was most interested in how children perceive and mentally represent the world?

Erikson's theory is completely dissimilar to Freud's.

The theory of ethology refers to built-in or instinctive behaviours. What is another term for these behaviours?

How has the concept of "family life" changed over time?

What is Mark's unconditioned stimulus?

What theorist from the 1700s would most likely have said: "Every child I meet is an empty canvas waiting to be beautifully created"?

Children enter the latency stage at 5 or 6 years of age. How long do they stay in this stage of development?

What is the dependent variable?

Information-processing theory uses the computer as a metaphor for human thinking and memory.

Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been widely studied. Which statement is most likely to be an evaluation of his theory?

What is Mark's conditioned response?

According to ethology, what causes people to respond the way they do?

According to the textbook, when does extinction of learning occur?

Heredity Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Lifes Final Chapter

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Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

Which statement best describes the experience of most children during the 20th century?

Which of the following is emphasized by the sociocultural perspective?

Which developmental theorist suggested that a child is born with unlimited possibilities but can develop in unimaginable ways as a result of direction, guidance, and teaching?

According to operant conditioning, what leads to a changed behaviour?

A study is investigating the effects of divorce on children over time. Which of Bronfenbrenner's systems is the study examining?

In an attempt to compare instructional strategies in various elementary schools, educational researchers are sampling the reading skills of third graders every six months for five years. What type of research are they applying?

What is a defining characteristic of punishment?

Who was most interested in how children perceive and mentally represent the world?

Erikson's theory is completely dissimilar to Freud's.

The theory of ethology refers to built-in or instinctive behaviours. What is another term for these behaviours?

How has the concept of "family life" changed over time?

What is Mark's unconditioned stimulus?

What theorist from the 1700s would most likely have said: "Every child I meet is an empty canvas waiting to be beautifully created"?

Children enter the latency stage at 5 or 6 years of age. How long do they stay in this stage of development?

What is the dependent variable?

Information-processing theory uses the computer as a metaphor for human thinking and memory.

Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been widely studied. Which statement is most likely to be an evaluation of his theory?

What is Mark's conditioned response?

According to ethology, what causes people to respond the way they do?

According to the textbook, when does extinction of learning occur?

Heredity Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Lifes Final Chapter

Filters