Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

What term did Freud use to describe his theory of child development?

All people are born with the same capacities and same opportunities in life, making the study of diversity irrelevant.

A researcher has found that, in general, the more hours students spend partying, the lower their exam scores. Which term best describes this finding?

What does Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasize?

John Locke's conception of children (i.e., as a tabula rasa) was as passive recipients of actions from the environment.

The cohort effect is a potential problem in cross-sectional research.

Martha is an 8-year-old girl whose sexual impulses are buried. She spends her time focusing on her schoolwork and developing relationships with same-sex friends. According to Freud, what psychosexual stage is Martha in?

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the chronosystem involves changes over time.

According to Freud, what word describes the id?

Which of the following scenarios is an example of observational learning?

How were children viewed in ancient times and in the Middle Ages?

How has the idea that childhood is a special time of life developed over time?

Bandura's social cognitive theory argues that children learn by observing models.

Sarah's mother works long hours at the office. As a result, she cannot always attend Sarah's soccer games. Which type of system does her mother's workplace represent for Sarah?

A child's peer group can be considered an exosystem.

After 6-year-old Mary is punished, she temporarily stops her well-established bad behaviour. However, Mary soon goes back to her bad behaviours. Why did her undesired behaviour resurface?

What is Mark's conditioned stimulus?

Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes the responsibility of the ego.

How do behaviourism and ethology differ in their approaches to explaining human development?

What is the focus of Freudian psychoanalytic theory?