Question 1

The information-processing theory compares human problem solving to the functions of a computer. Using this metaphor, what is our brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  software 
B)  hardware 
C)  mainframe 
D)  monitor 
A)  software 
B)  hardware 
C)  mainframe 
D)  monitor

Question 2

According to Freud, during what stage can boys develop strong attachments to their mothers while girls form strong attachments to their fathers?

Accepted Answer

A)  the oral stage 
B)  the anal stage 
C)  the phallic stage 
D)  the genital stage 
A)  the oral stage 
B)  the anal stage 
C)  the phallic stage 
D)  the genital stage

Question 3

Chris's mother offers him a cookie, but only if he doesn't throw a temper tantrum in the grocery store. Which concept of operant conditioning is Chris's mother applying?

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  alternative reinforcement 
D)  conditioned stimulus and conditioned response 
A)  extinction 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  alternative reinforcement 
D)  conditioned stimulus and conditioned response

Question 4

If you believe that every person is born innately good, who do you most likely agree with?

Accepted Answer

A)  John Locke 
B)  Alfred Binet 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
A)  John Locke 
B)  Alfred Binet 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 5

Which statement is characteristic of social cognitive theorists, such as Albert Bandura?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children learn through doing hands-on activities that are age appropriate. 
B)  Children learn much of what they learn through the observation of others. 
C)  Children do not learn by the use of such principles as reinforcement and punishment. 
D)  Children learn through activities that emphasis physical movement. 
A)  Children learn through doing hands-on activities that are age appropriate. 
B)  Children learn much of what they learn through the observation of others. 
C)  Children do not learn by the use of such principles as reinforcement and punishment. 
D)  Children learn through activities that emphasis physical movement.

Question 6

Which term best describes what Piaget noted as a biological tendency of organisms to act together with and respond to their surroundings?

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation 
B)  referencing 
C)  assimilation 
D)  accommodation 
A)  adaptation 
B)  referencing 
C)  assimilation 
D)  accommodation

Question 7

Four-year-old Janet took part in a research study on the effects of fruit juice consumption on obesity in children. When the study was published in a research journal, Janet's name appeared in the article. What guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parental participation must be obtained. 
B)  Identities of children must remain confidential. 
C)  Children and parents must be informed of the purposes of the research. 
D)  The researchers must receive proper approval for conducting the study. 
A)  Parental participation must be obtained. 
B)  Identities of children must remain confidential. 
C)  Children and parents must be informed of the purposes of the research. 
D)  The researchers must receive proper approval for conducting the study.

Question 8

A teacher wants to apply Piaget's theory to the classroom setting. Which action is the teacher most likely to take?

Accepted Answer

A)  provide instructional activities aimed at the children's developmental levels 
B)  foster group discussion first, then assist children in completing problems in their workbooks 
C)  recognize that children of all ages process information similarly 
D)  examine children's abilities to repress their aggressive tendencies 
A)  provide instructional activities aimed at the children's developmental levels 
B)  foster group discussion first, then assist children in completing problems in their workbooks 
C)  recognize that children of all ages process information similarly 
D)  examine children's abilities to repress their aggressive tendencies

Question 9

Who is considered to be the "father" of psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erikson 
B)  Jung 
C)  Freud 
D)  Locke 
A)  Erikson 
B)  Jung 
C)  Freud 
D)  Locke

Question 10

According to Freud, what controls much of our behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  our unconscious desires 
B)  our mental associations 
C)  our environmental stimuli 
D)  our tabula rasa 
A)  our unconscious desires 
B)  our mental associations 
C)  our environmental stimuli 
D)  our tabula rasa

Question 11

Dr. Simmons has found a strong positive correlation between watching violent cartoons on TV and children's levels of aggression toward others. What can be concluded from this research finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Violent TV causes aggressive behaviour in children. 
B)  Violent TV viewing and aggressive behaviour are unrelated. 
C)  Aggressive behaviour causes children to watch more violent TV. 
D)  Watching violent television and children's aggression are related, but may not be a causal relationship. 
A)  Violent TV causes aggressive behaviour in children. 
B)  Violent TV viewing and aggressive behaviour are unrelated. 
C)  Aggressive behaviour causes children to watch more violent TV. 
D)  Watching violent television and children's aggression are related, but may not be a causal relationship.

Question 12

Which of the following is examined in cross-cultural studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  exosystems 
B)  mesosystems 
C)  microsystems 
D)  macrosystems 
A)  exosystems 
B)  mesosystems 
C)  microsystems 
D)  macrosystems

Question 13

Who is associated with sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud 
B)  Erikson 
C)  Vygotsky 
D)  Bronfenbrenner 
A)  Freud 
B)  Erikson 
C)  Vygotsky 
D)  Bronfenbrenner

Question 14

According to Freud's theory, what behaviour can result from becoming fixated during the anal stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  being overly dependent 
B)  being untidy and careless 
C)  being shy and overcautious 
D)  being very gullible (easily fooled) 
A)  being overly dependent 
B)  being untidy and careless 
C)  being shy and overcautious 
D)  being very gullible (easily fooled)

Question 15

Which theories are common to both Freud and Erikson?

Accepted Answer

A)  stage theories 
B)  continuous theories 
C)  behavioural theories 
D)  exclusively nature theories 
A)  stage theories 
B)  continuous theories 
C)  behavioural theories 
D)  exclusively nature theories

Question 16

Which of the following is considered a drawback of the longitudinal method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Subjects may be inclined to lie about results. 
B)  Subjects may die before the study is completed. 
C)  Researchers may lose interest in the study. 
D)  Too many subjects may enlist in the study. 
A)  Subjects may be inclined to lie about results. 
B)  Subjects may die before the study is completed. 
C)  Researchers may lose interest in the study. 
D)  Too many subjects may enlist in the study.

Question 17

Mark can tie his running shoes, but only with his mother's help. How would Vygotsky describe the task of tying Mark's shoes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is beyond Mark's scope of ability. 
B)  It is within Mark's zone of proximal development. 
C)  It is an innate process that simply needs nurturing to unfold. 
D)  It is too difficult for a child his age to attempt.
VARIABLES
A study is being conducted on violent television and aggression. 
A)  It is beyond Mark's scope of ability. 
B)  It is within Mark's zone of proximal development. 
C)  It is an innate process that simply needs nurturing to unfold. 
D)  It is too difficult for a child his age to attempt.
VARIABLES
A study is being conducted on violent television and aggression.

Question 18

What is the focus of the information-processing view of cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  how people encode, store, and retrieve information 
B)  how people integrated sensory information into meaningful schemas 
C)  how people assimilate and accommodate information into their schemas 
D)  how people develop their native intelligence 
A)  how people encode, store, and retrieve information 
B)  how people integrated sensory information into meaningful schemas 
C)  how people assimilate and accommodate information into their schemas 
D)  how people develop their native intelligence

Question 19

According to Erikson, what is the effect of our early experiences?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are easy to conquer under the right circumstances. 
B)  They wield a continued influence on our future development. 
C)  They exert very little influence on the person we become. 
D)  They forecast future development only after we reach 6 to 8 years of age.
HYPOTHESIS
Dr) Morgan forms the hypothesis that ingesting chocolate prior to an exam will improve exam performance. She gives chocolate to half of her participants and gum to the other half. She then gives the participants an exam. 
A)  They are easy to conquer under the right circumstances. 
B)  They wield a continued influence on our future development. 
C)  They exert very little influence on the person we become. 
D)  They forecast future development only after we reach 6 to 8 years of age.
HYPOTHESIS
Dr) Morgan forms the hypothesis that ingesting chocolate prior to an exam will improve exam performance. She gives chocolate to half of her participants and gum to the other half. She then gives the participants an exam.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of the superego?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is present at birth. 
B)  It is innate and transmitted to the child genetically. 
C)  It represents the moral standards and values of parents. 
D)  It develops to help the child find convenient ways of satisfying urges. 
A)  It is present at birth. 
B)  It is innate and transmitted to the child genetically. 
C)  It represents the moral standards and values of parents. 
D)  It develops to help the child find convenient ways of satisfying urges.

The information-processing theory compares human problem solving to the functions of a computer. Using this metaphor, what is our brain?

According to Freud, during what stage can boys develop strong attachments to their mothers while girls form strong attachments to their fathers?

Chris's mother offers him a cookie, but only if he doesn't throw a temper tantrum in the grocery store. Which concept of operant conditioning is Chris's mother applying?

If you believe that every person is born innately good, who do you most likely agree with?

Which statement is characteristic of social cognitive theorists, such as Albert Bandura?

Which term best describes what Piaget noted as a biological tendency of organisms to act together with and respond to their surroundings?

Four-year-old Janet took part in a research study on the effects of fruit juice consumption on obesity in children. When the study was published in a research journal, Janet's name appeared in the article. What guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?

A teacher wants to apply Piaget's theory to the classroom setting. Which action is the teacher most likely to take?

Who is considered to be the "father" of psychoanalytic theory?

According to Freud, what controls much of our behaviour?

Dr. Simmons has found a strong positive correlation between watching violent cartoons on TV and children's levels of aggression toward others. What can be concluded from this research finding?

Which of the following is examined in cross-cultural studies?

Who is associated with sociocultural theory?

According to Freud's theory, what behaviour can result from becoming fixated during the anal stage of development?

Which theories are common to both Freud and Erikson?

Which of the following is considered a drawback of the longitudinal method?

Mark can tie his running shoes, but only with his mother's help. How would Vygotsky describe the task of tying Mark's shoes?

What is the focus of the information-processing view of cognition?

According to Erikson, what is the effect of our early experiences?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the superego?

Heredity Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Lifes Final Chapter

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Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

The information-processing theory compares human problem solving to the functions of a computer. Using this metaphor, what is our brain?

According to Freud, during what stage can boys develop strong attachments to their mothers while girls form strong attachments to their fathers?

Chris's mother offers him a cookie, but only if he doesn't throw a temper tantrum in the grocery store. Which concept of operant conditioning is Chris's mother applying?

If you believe that every person is born innately good, who do you most likely agree with?

Which statement is characteristic of social cognitive theorists, such as Albert Bandura?

Which term best describes what Piaget noted as a biological tendency of organisms to act together with and respond to their surroundings?

Four-year-old Janet took part in a research study on the effects of fruit juice consumption on obesity in children. When the study was published in a research journal, Janet's name appeared in the article. What guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?

A teacher wants to apply Piaget's theory to the classroom setting. Which action is the teacher most likely to take?

Who is considered to be the "father" of psychoanalytic theory?

According to Freud, what controls much of our behaviour?

Dr. Simmons has found a strong positive correlation between watching violent cartoons on TV and children's levels of aggression toward others. What can be concluded from this research finding?

Which of the following is examined in cross-cultural studies?

Who is associated with sociocultural theory?

According to Freud's theory, what behaviour can result from becoming fixated during the anal stage of development?

Which theories are common to both Freud and Erikson?

Which of the following is considered a drawback of the longitudinal method?

Mark can tie his running shoes, but only with his mother's help. How would Vygotsky describe the task of tying Mark's shoes?

What is the focus of the information-processing view of cognition?

According to Erikson, what is the effect of our early experiences?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the superego?

Heredity Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Lifes Final Chapter

Filters