Question 1

Why do researchers use random assignment in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  to provide ethical reasons for being in an experiment 
B)  to prevent subjects from knowing which experimental group they are a member of 
C)  to cause a selection factor to determine how the subjects will behave in the experiment 
D)  to ensure that no pre-existing differences among groups cause the change in the experimental group's behaviour 
A)  to provide ethical reasons for being in an experiment 
B)  to prevent subjects from knowing which experimental group they are a member of 
C)  to cause a selection factor to determine how the subjects will behave in the experiment 
D)  to ensure that no pre-existing differences among groups cause the change in the experimental group's behaviour

Question 2

According to Piaget, what is a schema?

Accepted Answer

A)  something babies suck 
B)  the interaction between the environment and the organism 
C)  an innate knowledge structure that does not change with development 
D)  a pattern of action or cognitive structures used in acquiring or organizing knowledge 
A)  something babies suck 
B)  the interaction between the environment and the organism 
C)  an innate knowledge structure that does not change with development 
D)  a pattern of action or cognitive structures used in acquiring or organizing knowledge

Question 3

Tom is a perfectionist who is almost obsessive in his neatness at work and at home. Which stage of psychosocial development would Freud say that Tom had an issue with in childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  oral stage 
B)  anal stage 
C)  phallic stage 
D)  genital stage 
A)  oral stage 
B)  anal stage 
C)  phallic stage 
D)  genital stage

Question 4

Describe the three main controversies in human development.

Accepted Answer

The main controversies are:
1) nature vs

Question 5

How is negative reinforcement enacted?

Accepted Answer

A)  by decreasing an unwanted behaviour by administering a punishment 
B)  by eliminating an unwanted behaviour by administering something bad 
C)  by increasing a desired behaviour by taking away something unpleasant 
D)  by decreasing an unwanted behaviour by withholding something desired 
A)  by decreasing an unwanted behaviour by administering a punishment 
B)  by eliminating an unwanted behaviour by administering something bad 
C)  by increasing a desired behaviour by taking away something unpleasant 
D)  by decreasing an unwanted behaviour by withholding something desired

Question 6

Which statement best represents the views of Urie Bronfenbrenner?

Accepted Answer

A)  Who you are at birth is who you are throughout life. 
B)  Give-and-take interactions influence child development. 
C)  Interactions with parents determine the kind of adult a child becomes. 
D)  Unconscious conflicts and urges primarily influence child development. 
A)  Who you are at birth is who you are throughout life. 
B)  Give-and-take interactions influence child development. 
C)  Interactions with parents determine the kind of adult a child becomes. 
D)  Unconscious conflicts and urges primarily influence child development.

Question 7

Researchers rarely concern themselves about ethical considerations when designing an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which statement best represents the thinking of Bandura?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children can learn only by doing. 
B)  Children are passive recipients of knowledge. 
C)  Children acquire many basic skills by watching models in their everyday lives. 
D)  Children will not imitate the behaviour of others unless they are rewarded for doing so. 
A)  Children can learn only by doing. 
B)  Children are passive recipients of knowledge. 
C)  Children acquire many basic skills by watching models in their everyday lives. 
D)  Children will not imitate the behaviour of others unless they are rewarded for doing so.

Question 9

How did Erikson's stage theory differ from Freud's?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erikson focused only on infancy rather than through to adolescence. 
B)  Erikson's theory had significantly fewer stages than Freud's. 
C)  Erikson focused on social development into adulthood. 
D)  Erikson emphasized inner conflict based on sexual urges. 
A)  Erikson focused only on infancy rather than through to adolescence. 
B)  Erikson's theory had significantly fewer stages than Freud's. 
C)  Erikson focused on social development into adulthood. 
D)  Erikson emphasized inner conflict based on sexual urges.

Question 10

You apply a biological perspective in your work with children. How would you describe your scope of practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  I examine how children learn to act by observing models. 
B)  I deal with the ways in which children encode information. 
C)  I view children as going through stages of psychosexual development. 
D)  I refer to heredity, maturation of the nervous system, and the effects of hormones. 
A)  I examine how children learn to act by observing models. 
B)  I deal with the ways in which children encode information. 
C)  I view children as going through stages of psychosexual development. 
D)  I refer to heredity, maturation of the nervous system, and the effects of hormones.

Question 11

Case studies involve large numbers of subjects each being studied at once.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is the general view of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  It assists in our understanding of childhood behaviour but ignores the aging process. 
B)  It provides a framework for the importance of human consciousness and choice. 
C)  It is in conflict with all contemporary empirical evidence. 
D)  It is less appealing than Freud's theory because Erikson's theory portrays people as prisoners of their psyche. 
A)  It assists in our understanding of childhood behaviour but ignores the aging process. 
B)  It provides a framework for the importance of human consciousness and choice. 
C)  It is in conflict with all contemporary empirical evidence. 
D)  It is less appealing than Freud's theory because Erikson's theory portrays people as prisoners of their psyche.

Question 13

What is Mark's unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  saying "gotcha" 
B)  touching his neck 
C)  laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  laughing when his neck is touched 
A)  saying "gotcha" 
B)  touching his neck 
C)  laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  laughing when his neck is touched

Question 14

What is the correct order of Bronfenbrenner's five systems, going from narrowest (closest to the child) to widest (furthest away from the child)?

Accepted Answer

A)  mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem, microsystem 
B)  exosystem, mesosystem, microsystem, chronosystem, macrosystem 
C)  microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem 
D)  macrosystem, exosystem, microsystem, chronosystem, mesosystem 
A)  mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem, microsystem 
B)  exosystem, mesosystem, microsystem, chronosystem, macrosystem 
C)  microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem 
D)  macrosystem, exosystem, microsystem, chronosystem, mesosystem

Question 15

Gender is considered an aspect of diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is characteristic of a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is tested in a research experiment 
B)  It is used only in correlational research. 
C)  It is always supported by the findings of an experiment. 
D)  It is ineffectual when comparing two equal groups of participants. 
A)  It is tested in a research experiment 
B)  It is used only in correlational research. 
C)  It is always supported by the findings of an experiment. 
D)  It is ineffectual when comparing two equal groups of participants.

Question 17

Correlational studies prove causal relationships between variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is Mark's behaviour an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation learning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  sensitization learning 
D)  operant habitualization 
A)  habituation learning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  sensitization learning 
D)  operant habitualization

Question 19

Which of the following questions is most likely to be asked by someone interested in ethology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Does a baby learn best when interacting with others or when alone? 
B)  What is the role played by instincts in human development? 
C)  Does punishment speed up the learning process in children? 
D)  What role do early life experiences play on later happiness? 
A)  Does a baby learn best when interacting with others or when alone? 
B)  What is the role played by instincts in human development? 
C)  Does punishment speed up the learning process in children? 
D)  What role do early life experiences play on later happiness?

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a microsystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  child's weekly craft club 
B)  a child's school board 
C)  a child's cultural connections 
D)  a child's interaction between home and school 
A)  child's weekly craft club 
B)  a child's school board 
C)  a child's cultural connections 
D)  a child's interaction between home and school

Why do researchers use random assignment in an experiment?

According to Piaget, what is a schema?

Tom is a perfectionist who is almost obsessive in his neatness at work and at home. Which stage of psychosocial development would Freud say that Tom had an issue with in childhood?

Describe the three main controversies in human development.

How is negative reinforcement enacted?

Which statement best represents the views of Urie Bronfenbrenner?

Researchers rarely concern themselves about ethical considerations when designing an experiment.

Which statement best represents the thinking of Bandura?

How did Erikson's stage theory differ from Freud's?

You apply a biological perspective in your work with children. How would you describe your scope of practice?

Case studies involve large numbers of subjects each being studied at once.

What is the general view of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?

What is Mark's unconditioned response?

What is the correct order of Bronfenbrenner's five systems, going from narrowest (closest to the child) to widest (furthest away from the child)?

Gender is considered an aspect of diversity.

What is characteristic of a hypothesis?

Correlational studies prove causal relationships between variables.

What is Mark's behaviour an example of?

Which of the following questions is most likely to be asked by someone interested in ethology?

Which of the following is an example of a microsystem?

Heredity Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Lifes Final Chapter

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Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

Why do researchers use random assignment in an experiment?

According to Piaget, what is a schema?

Tom is a perfectionist who is almost obsessive in his neatness at work and at home. Which stage of psychosocial development would Freud say that Tom had an issue with in childhood?

Describe the three main controversies in human development.

How is negative reinforcement enacted?

Which statement best represents the views of Urie Bronfenbrenner?

Researchers rarely concern themselves about ethical considerations when designing an experiment.

Which statement best represents the thinking of Bandura?

How did Erikson's stage theory differ from Freud's?

You apply a biological perspective in your work with children. How would you describe your scope of practice?

Case studies involve large numbers of subjects each being studied at once.

What is the general view of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?

What is Mark's unconditioned response?

What is the correct order of Bronfenbrenner's five systems, going from narrowest (closest to the child) to widest (furthest away from the child)?

Gender is considered an aspect of diversity.

What is characteristic of a hypothesis?

Correlational studies prove causal relationships between variables.

What is Mark's behaviour an example of?

Which of the following questions is most likely to be asked by someone interested in ethology?

Which of the following is an example of a microsystem?

Heredity Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Lifes Final Chapter

Filters