Exam 3: Learning and Memory

What do we call the learning that occurs when a stimulus eliciting a response is paired with another stimulus that initially does not elicit a response on its own but, over time, also causes a similar response because of its association with the first stimulus?

Jessica has decided to purchase a new, long-lasting form of lipstick that has a distinctive look. Many friends compliment her on how good it looks on her. She will probably keep buying this due to:

Juan, while out cycling in Vancouver one day, found himself humming a jingle for farm tractors that he had heard on the radio. He found this surprising, as he had absolutely no interest in farming or tractors. This acquisition of knowledge is known as:

The process of acquiring information and storing it over time so that it will be available when needed is:

"Working memory" is another name for:

List the four types of learning schedules. Give one marketing example and identify which type of schedule it is.

Explain what behavioural learning theory is. What do learning theorists mean by the term "black box"?

The type of memory that processes stimuli by such attributes as their colour, taste, smell, or shape is relying on:

________ learning occurs as a result of reward or punishment received ________ the desired behaviour.

Neutrogena is a well-known brand of shampoo sold in a distinctively shaped unbreakable bottle. A major New York store sells shampoo in a nearly identical-looking bottle with its own name on it. Consumers who purchase the private label brand assuming it shares the product attributes of Neutrogena are showing the influence of:

What is observational learning? How is it related to the notion of cognitive learning?

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that is caused by experience.

Dove wants to encourage consumer recognition and recall of their new line of men's hair-care products. Given what you know about the consumer memory process, how would you meet the brand's goals?

The proliferation of Internet usage has changed how consumers learn and retain information. Research shows that:

A coffee chain could not understand why its new commercial was not successful at improving sales. The commercial, which showed its latte followed by a jingle, had aired for a month on popular television stations. This commercial was not successful because:

A large food manufacturer is about to launch a new cereal brand. How could it use the theory of classical conditioning to help form positive associations with its product?

In memory, energy spreads across nodes of varying levels of abstraction. This process is called:

Licensing is one form of stimulus generalization applied to marketing strategy.

In analogical learning, the existing product is called the ________ and the new product is called the ________.

If gambling is maintained by variable-ratio reinforcement, what type of reinforcement would best characterize fishing?