Question 1

List two ways that researchers can attempt to minimize observer influences during naturalistic observation.

Accepted Answer

To minimize observer influences during n

Question 2

Which characteristic of experimental design allows for more confident cause-effect interpretation than do other designs?

Accepted Answer

A) random assignment of subjects to groups 
B) objective measurement of the variables of interest 
C) people studied in naturally occurring real-world groups 
D) random sampling of a population 
A) random assignment of subjects to groups 
B) objective measurement of the variables of interest 
C) people studied in naturally occurring real-world groups 
D) random sampling of a population

Question 3

Which statement best characterizes the use of psychophysiological research methods?

Accepted Answer

A) A researcher lives within a culture or subculture and makes extensive naturalistic observations of the member's physical attributes. 
B) A researcher measures the relationship between physiological processes and various aspects of behaviour. 
C) A researcher gathers extensive information about a few individuals regarding physical features that relate to cultural circumstances. 
D) A researcher randomly selects participants for the study. 
A) A researcher lives within a culture or subculture and makes extensive naturalistic observations of the member's physical attributes. 
B) A researcher measures the relationship between physiological processes and various aspects of behaviour. 
C) A researcher gathers extensive information about a few individuals regarding physical features that relate to cultural circumstances. 
D) A researcher randomly selects participants for the study.

Question 4

Describe the procedure used by each of the four research designs for studying developmental change listed below.Also, for each research design identify the key strengths and weaknesses.∙ cross-sectional design
∙ longitudinal design
∙ sequential design
∙ microgenetic design

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional design: 
Procedure: In a

Question 5

Dr.Donnetelli predicts that if parents are nurturing and responsive, then children are less likely to act aggressively.What does Dr.Donnetelli believe about parental responsiveness and children's aggression?

Accepted Answer

A) They are positively correlated. 
B) They are uncorrelated. 
C) They are negatively correlated. 
D) They are independently correlated. 
A) They are positively correlated. 
B) They are uncorrelated. 
C) They are negatively correlated. 
D) They are independently correlated.

Question 6

Which research method did Darwin and others use in compiling their "baby biographies"?

Accepted Answer

A) structured observation 
B) cross-sectional comparison 
C) case study 
D) clinical interview 
A) structured observation 
B) cross-sectional comparison 
C) case study 
D) clinical interview

Question 7

How do experience and biological processes affect human development?

Accepted Answer

A) Experience produces change through maturation, and biological processes produce change through learning. 
B) Both experience and biological processes produce change through learning. 
C) Experience produces change through learning, and biological processes produce change through maturation. 
D) Both experience and biological processes produce change through maturation. 
A) Experience produces change through maturation, and biological processes produce change through learning. 
B) Both experience and biological processes produce change through learning. 
C) Experience produces change through learning, and biological processes produce change through maturation. 
D) Both experience and biological processes produce change through maturation.

Question 8

What is the term for the variable that is observed or measured during an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) dependent 
B) independent 
C) confounding 
D) bi-directional 
A) dependent 
B) independent 
C) confounding 
D) bi-directional

Question 9

What is one of the advantages associated with naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A) Some behaviours occur infrequently and, therefore, are unlikely to be observed. 
B) People may behave differently when they know they are being observed. 
C) Naturalistic observation does not require verbal instructions and, therefore, can be used to study the behaviour of infants and toddlers. 
D) Some socially undesirable behaviours are unlikely to be witnessed by an unknown observer in natural settings. 
A) Some behaviours occur infrequently and, therefore, are unlikely to be observed. 
B) People may behave differently when they know they are being observed. 
C) Naturalistic observation does not require verbal instructions and, therefore, can be used to study the behaviour of infants and toddlers. 
D) Some socially undesirable behaviours are unlikely to be witnessed by an unknown observer in natural settings.

Question 10

Which of the following defines the term dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A) an internal, motivational factor that remains stable 
B) an external, uncontrolled factor that fluctuates 
C) a factor that is manipulated or changed by the researcher 
D) a behaviour that is observed or measured by the researcher 
A) an internal, motivational factor that remains stable 
B) an external, uncontrolled factor that fluctuates 
C) a factor that is manipulated or changed by the researcher 
D) a behaviour that is observed or measured by the researcher

Question 11

What is the advantage of structured interviews over unstructured interviews?

Accepted Answer

A) A person can fully explain his or her views. 
B) A person will submit for interview even without pay. 
C) The interviewer's racial or gender biases are minimized. 
D) Subjects are treated alike, and responses can be compared among them. 
A) A person can fully explain his or her views. 
B) A person will submit for interview even without pay. 
C) The interviewer's racial or gender biases are minimized. 
D) Subjects are treated alike, and responses can be compared among them.

Question 12

Ari wants to determine the optimal age for the introduction of a bullying education program in her school district.She is also interested in assessing the short- and long-term impact of the program on the development of self-esteem in children.Which research design should Ari choose?

Accepted Answer

A) cross-sectional 
B) longitudinal 
C) sequential 
D) natural (or quasi-) experiment 
A) cross-sectional 
B) longitudinal 
C) sequential 
D) natural (or quasi-) experiment

Question 13

Identify one key strength and one weakness of the ethnographic method.

Accepted Answer

One key strength of the ethnographic met

Question 14

List four general observations concerning the chronology of child development.

Accepted Answer

1. Child development follows a predictab

Question 15

Which statement best exemplifies the holistic approach to development?

Accepted Answer

A) Parents notice the gaps in the child's abilities and must work to fill those gaps. 
B) Traits or abilities are distinct and show separate developmental patterns of change. 
C) Aspects of developmental change are interrelated. 
D) Developmental trends in human and nonhuman animals are similar. 
A) Parents notice the gaps in the child's abilities and must work to fill those gaps. 
B) Traits or abilities are distinct and show separate developmental patterns of change. 
C) Aspects of developmental change are interrelated. 
D) Developmental trends in human and nonhuman animals are similar.

Question 16

Zurfah is currently testing children's path finding and other spatial abilities.She is most concerned with defining the details of how children acquire these skills.In order to answer her question, which research design should Zurfah use?

Accepted Answer

A) microsectional 
B) microgenetic 
C) cross-sectional 
D) longitudinal 
A) microsectional 
B) microgenetic 
C) cross-sectional 
D) longitudinal

Question 17

How can the research goal of description be summarized?

Accepted Answer

A) as How 
B) as Best 
C) as What 
D) as Why 
A) as How 
B) as Best 
C) as What 
D) as Why

Question 18

Which research design would be used to assess whether two variables vary together in a systematic way?

Accepted Answer

A) a case study 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) a correlational study 
D) the survey method 
A) a case study 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) a correlational study 
D) the survey method

Question 19

Helen proposed a new theory of child development.Using this theory, she has successfully described and explained past behaviours, but she is unable to predict or explain new observations.How should Helen's theory be categorized?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a superior theory because it describes and explains past behaviour, which is more than most theories do. 
B) It is a weak theory because it is clearly based on flawed methodology since it cannot predict future behaviour. 
C) It is an adequate theory because it both describes and explains. 
D) It is a weak theory because if it doesn't predict or explain new observations, it is of little value. 
A) It is a superior theory because it describes and explains past behaviour, which is more than most theories do. 
B) It is a weak theory because it is clearly based on flawed methodology since it cannot predict future behaviour. 
C) It is an adequate theory because it both describes and explains. 
D) It is a weak theory because if it doesn't predict or explain new observations, it is of little value.

Question 20

Which of the following terms refers to the capacity for change in response to positive or negative life experiences?

Accepted Answer

A) holistic 
B) tabula rasa 
C) innate purity 
D) plasticity 
A) holistic 
B) tabula rasa 
C) innate purity 
D) plasticity

List two ways that researchers can attempt to minimize observer influences during naturalistic observation.

Which characteristic of experimental design allows for more confident cause-effect interpretation than do other designs?

Which statement best characterizes the use of psychophysiological research methods?

Describe the procedure used by each of the four research designs for studying developmental change listed below.Also, for each research design identify the key strengths and weaknesses.∙ cross-sectional design ∙ longitudinal design ∙ sequential design ∙ microgenetic design

Dr.Donnetelli predicts that if parents are nurturing and responsive, then children are less likely to act aggressively.What does Dr.Donnetelli believe about parental responsiveness and children's aggression?

Which research method did Darwin and others use in compiling their "baby biographies"?

How do experience and biological processes affect human development?

What is the term for the variable that is observed or measured during an experiment?

What is one of the advantages associated with naturalistic observation?

Which of the following defines the term dependent variable?

What is the advantage of structured interviews over unstructured interviews?

Ari wants to determine the optimal age for the introduction of a bullying education program in her school district.She is also interested in assessing the short- and long-term impact of the program on the development of self-esteem in children.Which research design should Ari choose?

Identify one key strength and one weakness of the ethnographic method.

List four general observations concerning the chronology of child development.

Which statement best exemplifies the holistic approach to development?

Zurfah is currently testing children's path finding and other spatial abilities.She is most concerned with defining the details of how children acquire these skills.In order to answer her question, which research design should Zurfah use?

How can the research goal of description be summarized?

Which research design would be used to assess whether two variables vary together in a systematic way?

Helen proposed a new theory of child development.Using this theory, she has successfully described and explained past behaviours, but she is unable to predict or explain new observations.How should Helen's theory be categorized?

Which of the following terms refers to the capacity for change in response to positive or negative life experiences?

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

List two ways that researchers can attempt to minimize observer influences during naturalistic observation.

Which characteristic of experimental design allows for more confident cause-effect interpretation than do other designs?

Which statement best characterizes the use of psychophysiological research methods?

Describe the procedure used by each of the four research designs for studying developmental change listed below.Also, for each research design identify the key strengths and weaknesses.∙ cross-sectional design ∙ longitudinal design ∙ sequential design ∙ microgenetic design

Dr.Donnetelli predicts that if parents are nurturing and responsive, then children are less likely to act aggressively.What does Dr.Donnetelli believe about parental responsiveness and children's aggression?

Which research method did Darwin and others use in compiling their "baby biographies"?

How do experience and biological processes affect human development?

What is the term for the variable that is observed or measured during an experiment?

What is one of the advantages associated with naturalistic observation?

Which of the following defines the term dependent variable?

What is the advantage of structured interviews over unstructured interviews?

Ari wants to determine the optimal age for the introduction of a bullying education program in her school district.She is also interested in assessing the short- and long-term impact of the program on the development of self-esteem in children.Which research design should Ari choose?

Identify one key strength and one weakness of the ethnographic method.

List four general observations concerning the chronology of child development.

Which statement best exemplifies the holistic approach to development?

Zurfah is currently testing children's path finding and other spatial abilities.She is most concerned with defining the details of how children acquire these skills.In order to answer her question, which research design should Zurfah use?

How can the research goal of description be summarized?

Which research design would be used to assess whether two variables vary together in a systematic way?

Helen proposed a new theory of child development.Using this theory, she has successfully described and explained past behaviours, but she is unable to predict or explain new observations.How should Helen's theory be categorized?

Which of the following terms refers to the capacity for change in response to positive or negative life experiences?

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters