Question 1

US-devaluation experiments suggest that for many first-order conditioning procedures,which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The stimulus-substitution model is correct. 
B)  The CS activates the CR directly. 
C)  The CS activates the UR directly. 
D)  The CS activates a US representation. 
A)  The stimulus-substitution model is correct. 
B)  The CS activates the CR directly. 
C)  The CS activates the UR directly. 
D)  The CS activates a US representation.

Question 2

In what respects are attentional theories of learning different from other theories?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what respects are attentional theories of...

Question 3

Studies that have used live rats as the CS paired with a food-US on trials presented to other rats demonstrate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The shape of the CR can be determined by the UR. 
B)  The shape of the CR can be determined by the US. 
C)  The shape of the CR can be determined by the CS. 
D)  The shape of the CR can be independent of other stimuli. 
A)  The shape of the CR can be determined by the UR. 
B)  The shape of the CR can be determined by the US. 
C)  The shape of the CR can be determined by the CS. 
D)  The shape of the CR can be independent of other stimuli.

Question 4

According to studies of belongingness,rats conditioned with

Accepted Answer

A)  illness learn a stronger aversion to audiovisual cues than to taste. 
B)  shock learn a stronger aversion to taste than to audiovisual cues. 
C)  illness learn a stronger aversion to taste than to audiovisual cues. 
D)  either shock or illness learn stronger aversions to audiovisual cues than to taste. 
A)  illness learn a stronger aversion to audiovisual cues than to taste. 
B)  shock learn a stronger aversion to taste than to audiovisual cues. 
C)  illness learn a stronger aversion to taste than to audiovisual cues. 
D)  either shock or illness learn stronger aversions to audiovisual cues than to taste.

Question 5

Your friend is afraid of dogs because he was bitten as a child.One day while he was playing catch in a park,a large pack of dogs wandered into his view.Now he avoids parks.His change in behavior is likely due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  habituated associations 
B)  CS intensity 
C)  higher-order conditioning 
D)  US intensity 
A)  habituated associations 
B)  CS intensity 
C)  higher-order conditioning 
D)  US intensity

Question 6

A rat is given 20 exposures to a red light cue.Then,the red light is presented paired with food delivery.Compared to a rat that did not receive the initial 20 exposures,this rat took a long time to develop a CR to the red light.The slower learning is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the US-preexposure effect. 
B)  the latent-inhibition effect. 
C)  the latent-excitation effect. 
D)  the CS relevance effect. 
A)  the US-preexposure effect. 
B)  the latent-inhibition effect. 
C)  the latent-excitation effect. 
D)  the CS relevance effect.

Question 7

Thirsty pigeons are presented with keylight-water pairings and begin to peck the keylight.Once keypecking develops,the birds are allowed to drink freely.Their keypeck behavior drops off dramatically.This suggests their response to the key is mediated by

Accepted Answer

A)  S-S learning. 
B)  S-R learning. 
C)  second-order conditioning. 
D)  R-R learning. 
A)  S-S learning. 
B)  S-R learning. 
C)  second-order conditioning. 
D)  R-R learning.

Question 8

What,if any,limits are there on the kinds of stimuli that can serve as conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in Pavlovian conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What,if any,limits are there on the kinds...

Question 9

Describe a higher-order conditioning situation from common human experience.Make sure you note the initial CS and US.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe a higher-order conditioning situation from common...

Question 10

What evidence suggests that drug tolerance may be in part due to classical conditioning mechanisms? Does this evidence challenge stimulus substitution models?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What evidence suggests that drug tolerance may...

Question 11

How does the comparator hypothesis explain the blocking effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the comparator hypothesis explain the...

Question 12

Which of the following best represents how pigeons learn about food as compared to peripheral pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pigeons associate food cues most readily with auditory cues; pain with visual cues. 
B)  Pigeons associate food cues most readily with visual cues: pain with auditory cues. 
C)  Pigeons associate food and pain most readily with visual cues. 
D)  Pigeons associate food and pain most readily with auditory cues. 
A)  Pigeons associate food cues most readily with auditory cues; pain with visual cues. 
B)  Pigeons associate food cues most readily with visual cues: pain with auditory cues. 
C)  Pigeons associate food and pain most readily with visual cues. 
D)  Pigeons associate food and pain most readily with auditory cues.

Question 13

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model,inhibition is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the opposite of excitation 
B)  the same as excitation 
C)  unrelated to excitation 
D)  unpredictable with the model 
A)  the opposite of excitation 
B)  the same as excitation 
C)  unrelated to excitation 
D)  unpredictable with the model

Question 14

Using the Rescorla-Wager model,predict   V of stimulus B during conditioning trials with compound stimulus A/B when the associative value of A at the beginning of the trial is 1/2 l and the associative value of B at the beginning of the trial is 1/2 l.

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1/4 l 
C)  1/2 l 
D)  l 
A)  0 
B)  1/4 l 
C)  1/2 l 
D)  l

Question 15

Belongingness effects have been demonstrated to reflect which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  extensive experience with the stimuli 
B)  sensitization effects of CS preexposure 
C)  sensitization effects of US preexposure 
D)  genetic predispostions 
A)  extensive experience with the stimuli 
B)  sensitization effects of CS preexposure 
C)  sensitization effects of US preexposure 
D)  genetic predispostions

Question 16

The drug dinitrophenol causes increased oxygen consumption.According to the compensatory-response model,which of the following is true regarding exposure to cues associated with dinitrophenol?

Accepted Answer

A)  will also increase oxygen consumption 
B)  will decrease oxygen consumption 
C)  will not alter oxygen consumption 
D)  will not actually alter oxygen consumption, but subjects will report a change in the affective aspects of oxygen consumption 
A)  will also increase oxygen consumption 
B)  will decrease oxygen consumption 
C)  will not alter oxygen consumption 
D)  will not actually alter oxygen consumption, but subjects will report a change in the affective aspects of oxygen consumption

Question 17

A major difference between attentional models and the Rescorla-Wagner model is described by which of the following choices?

Accepted Answer

A)  In attentional models, US surprisingness has only a proactive influence on conditioning. 
B)  In the Rescorla-Wagner model, US surprisingness has only a proactive influence on conditioning. 
C)  Attentional models are US-reduction theories. 
D)  The Rescorla-Wagner model cannot predict blocking on the first trial of Phase 2 of the blocking experiment. 
A)  In attentional models, US surprisingness has only a proactive influence on conditioning. 
B)  In the Rescorla-Wagner model, US surprisingness has only a proactive influence on conditioning. 
C)  Attentional models are US-reduction theories. 
D)  The Rescorla-Wagner model cannot predict blocking on the first trial of Phase 2 of the blocking experiment.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of preexposure to the CS or the US?

Accepted Answer

A)  has little effect on later associative learning 
B)  facilitates later associative learning 
C)  retards later associative learning 
D)  CS-preexposure facilitates later associative learning; US preexposure retards later learning. 
A)  has little effect on later associative learning 
B)  facilitates later associative learning 
C)  retards later associative learning 
D)  CS-preexposure facilitates later associative learning; US preexposure retards later learning.

Question 19

The blocking effect demonstrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  that temporal contiguity is sufficient for associative learning 
B)  that CS-US pairings are sufficient for associative learning 
C)  that contiguity and CS-US pairings, when they occur together, are sufficient for associative learning 
D)  that CS-US pairings are insufficient for associative learning 
A)  that temporal contiguity is sufficient for associative learning 
B)  that CS-US pairings are sufficient for associative learning 
C)  that contiguity and CS-US pairings, when they occur together, are sufficient for associative learning 
D)  that CS-US pairings are insufficient for associative learning

Question 20

Detail how the CS,the US,and the timing of the presentation of these stimuli can affect classically conditioned responding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Detail how the CS,the US,and the timing...

US-devaluation experiments suggest that for many first-order conditioning procedures,which of the following is true?

In what respects are attentional theories of learning different from other theories?

Studies that have used live rats as the CS paired with a food-US on trials presented to other rats demonstrate which of the following?

According to studies of belongingness,rats conditioned with

Your friend is afraid of dogs because he was bitten as a child.One day while he was playing catch in a park,a large pack of dogs wandered into his view.Now he avoids parks.His change in behavior is likely due to which of the following?

A rat is given 20 exposures to a red light cue.Then,the red light is presented paired with food delivery.Compared to a rat that did not receive the initial 20 exposures,this rat took a long time to develop a CR to the red light.The slower learning is due to

Thirsty pigeons are presented with keylight-water pairings and begin to peck the keylight.Once keypecking develops,the birds are allowed to drink freely.Their keypeck behavior drops off dramatically.This suggests their response to the key is mediated by

What,if any,limits are there on the kinds of stimuli that can serve as conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in Pavlovian conditioning?

Describe a higher-order conditioning situation from common human experience.Make sure you note the initial CS and US.

What evidence suggests that drug tolerance may be in part due to classical conditioning mechanisms? Does this evidence challenge stimulus substitution models?

How does the comparator hypothesis explain the blocking effect?

Which of the following best represents how pigeons learn about food as compared to peripheral pain?

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model,inhibition is which of the following?

Using the Rescorla-Wager model,predict V of stimulus B during conditioning trials with compound stimulus A/B when the associative value of A at the beginning of the trial is 1/2 l and the associative value of B at the beginning of the trial is 1/2 l.

Belongingness effects have been demonstrated to reflect which of the following?

The drug dinitrophenol causes increased oxygen consumption.According to the compensatory-response model,which of the following is true regarding exposure to cues associated with dinitrophenol?

A major difference between attentional models and the Rescorla-Wagner model is described by which of the following choices?

Which of the following is a function of preexposure to the CS or the US?

The blocking effect demonstrates which of the following?

Detail how the CS,the US,and the timing of the presentation of these stimuli can affect classically conditioned responding.

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters

Exam 4: Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

US-devaluation experiments suggest that for many first-order conditioning procedures,which of the following is true?

In what respects are attentional theories of learning different from other theories?

Studies that have used live rats as the CS paired with a food-US on trials presented to other rats demonstrate which of the following?

According to studies of belongingness,rats conditioned with

Your friend is afraid of dogs because he was bitten as a child.One day while he was playing catch in a park,a large pack of dogs wandered into his view.Now he avoids parks.His change in behavior is likely due to which of the following?

A rat is given 20 exposures to a red light cue.Then,the red light is presented paired with food delivery.Compared to a rat that did not receive the initial 20 exposures,this rat took a long time to develop a CR to the red light.The slower learning is due to

Thirsty pigeons are presented with keylight-water pairings and begin to peck the keylight.Once keypecking develops,the birds are allowed to drink freely.Their keypeck behavior drops off dramatically.This suggests their response to the key is mediated by

What,if any,limits are there on the kinds of stimuli that can serve as conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in Pavlovian conditioning?

Describe a higher-order conditioning situation from common human experience.Make sure you note the initial CS and US.

What evidence suggests that drug tolerance may be in part due to classical conditioning mechanisms? Does this evidence challenge stimulus substitution models?

How does the comparator hypothesis explain the blocking effect?

Which of the following best represents how pigeons learn about food as compared to peripheral pain?

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model,inhibition is which of the following?

Using the Rescorla-Wager model,predict V of stimulus B during conditioning trials with compound stimulus A/B when the associative value of A at the beginning of the trial is 1/2 l and the associative value of B at the beginning of the trial is 1/2 l.

Belongingness effects have been demonstrated to reflect which of the following?

The drug dinitrophenol causes increased oxygen consumption.According to the compensatory-response model,which of the following is true regarding exposure to cues associated with dinitrophenol?

A major difference between attentional models and the Rescorla-Wagner model is described by which of the following choices?

Which of the following is a function of preexposure to the CS or the US?

The blocking effect demonstrates which of the following?

Detail how the CS,the US,and the timing of the presentation of these stimuli can affect classically conditioned responding.

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters