Question 1

When shaping the behavior of an organism,you must

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforce all responses. 
B)  set each criterion so that at least some of the existing responses are reinforced. 
C)  set each criterion so that only the response forms that exceed existing responses are reinforced. 
D)  set each criterion so that most of the existing responses are reinforced. 
A)  reinforce all responses. 
B)  set each criterion so that at least some of the existing responses are reinforced. 
C)  set each criterion so that only the response forms that exceed existing responses are reinforced. 
D)  set each criterion so that most of the existing responses are reinforced.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stella changes the oil in her car to avoid engine seizure. 
B)  Mark hits his little brother because the brother broke Mark's bike. 
C)  Suzie cries after losing the card game. 
D)  Ed gets a gold star because he didn't act out. 
A)  Stella changes the oil in her car to avoid engine seizure. 
B)  Mark hits his little brother because the brother broke Mark's bike. 
C)  Suzie cries after losing the card game. 
D)  Ed gets a gold star because he didn't act out.

Question 3

Lyle leaves the theater because the music in the show he is watching is too loud.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  omission training. 
A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  omission training.

Question 4

Closer examination of Skinner's superstition experiment revealed that what appeared to be idiosyncratic behaviors was/were really

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctive drift. 
B)  terminal and interim responses. 
C)  pseudoconditioning. 
D)  positive and negative reinforcers. 
A)  instinctive drift. 
B)  terminal and interim responses. 
C)  pseudoconditioning. 
D)  positive and negative reinforcers.

Question 5

The cats in Thorndike's puzzle boxes were able to escape more quickly over successive trials.Thorndike interpreted this performance change to reflect

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus-outcome learning. 
B)  stimulus-stimulus learning. 
C)  stimulus-response learning. 
D)  response-outcome learning. 
A)  stimulus-outcome learning. 
B)  stimulus-stimulus learning. 
C)  stimulus-response learning. 
D)  response-outcome learning.

Question 6

Thorndike determined that with extensive training,cats will open their mouths in order to gain release from a puzzle box,but will not give a bona fide yawn.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference. 
B)  belongingness. 
C)  retroactive interference. 
D)  stereotypy. 
A)  proactive interference. 
B)  belongingness. 
C)  retroactive interference. 
D)  stereotypy.

Question 7

Which of the following is not true about behavioral variability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reinforcement inevitably decreases behavioral variability. 
B)  Behavioral variability can be the basis for instrumental reinforcement. 
C)  Reinforcement can increase or decrease originality. 
D)  Pigeons will generate novel pecking patterns if novelty is reinforced. 
A)  Reinforcement inevitably decreases behavioral variability. 
B)  Behavioral variability can be the basis for instrumental reinforcement. 
C)  Reinforcement can increase or decrease originality. 
D)  Pigeons will generate novel pecking patterns if novelty is reinforced.

Question 8

How can one measure instrumental behaviors? What are the indicators that learning is taking place?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can one measure instrumental behaviors? What...

Question 9

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  omission training. 
A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  omission training.

Question 10

What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition experiment? What were the results,and how have those results been reinterpreted?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition...

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a response reinforcer relationship with good contingency but weak temporal contiguity?

Accepted Answer

A)  sending sweepstakes coupons to the clearinghouse 
B)  putting a sandwich in the microwave to heat 
C)  mailing three cereal box tops to receive a plastic toy 
D)  being burned by a hot stove 
A)  sending sweepstakes coupons to the clearinghouse 
B)  putting a sandwich in the microwave to heat 
C)  mailing three cereal box tops to receive a plastic toy 
D)  being burned by a hot stove

Question 12

Which of the following is not an alternative explanation to the learned helplessness hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals can perceive the contingency between their behavior and the delivery of a reinforcer. 
B)  Animals learn to be inactive in response to shock during the exposure phase. 
C)  Animals pay less attention to their actions due to inescapable shock. 
D)  Animals perseverate in their responses following inescapable shock. 
A)  Animals can perceive the contingency between their behavior and the delivery of a reinforcer. 
B)  Animals learn to be inactive in response to shock during the exposure phase. 
C)  Animals pay less attention to their actions due to inescapable shock. 
D)  Animals perseverate in their responses following inescapable shock.

Question 13

According to Skinner,superstitious behavior is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  an accidental positive response-reinforcer contingency. 
B)  interim reinforcement. 
C)  terminal reinforcement. 
D)  adventitious reinforcement. 
A)  an accidental positive response-reinforcer contingency. 
B)  interim reinforcement. 
C)  terminal reinforcement. 
D)  adventitious reinforcement.

Question 14

What are the effects of a delay of reinforcement on instrumental learning and what causes these effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the effects of a delay...

Question 15

Magazine training involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement of successive approximations 
B)  non-reinforcement of earlier response forms 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  All of the above 
A)  reinforcement of successive approximations 
B)  non-reinforcement of earlier response forms 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  All of the above

Question 16

According to behavioral systems theory,the periodicity of interim responses is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  species-typical responses that reflect other sources of motivation when food is unlikely. 
B)  early components of foraging behavior. 
C)  adventitious reinforcement. 
D)  pseudoconditioning. 
A)  species-typical responses that reflect other sources of motivation when food is unlikely. 
B)  early components of foraging behavior. 
C)  adventitious reinforcement. 
D)  pseudoconditioning.

Question 17

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda.Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how you would go about training...

Question 18

In a discrete trial procedure,the researcher can measure all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  response rate. 
B)  running speed. 
C)  food preference. 
D)  latency to leave the start box. 
A)  response rate. 
B)  running speed. 
C)  food preference. 
D)  latency to leave the start box.

When shaping the behavior of an organism,you must

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Lyle leaves the theater because the music in the show he is watching is too loud.This is an example of

Closer examination of Skinner's superstition experiment revealed that what appeared to be idiosyncratic behaviors was/were really

The cats in Thorndike's puzzle boxes were able to escape more quickly over successive trials.Thorndike interpreted this performance change to reflect

Thorndike determined that with extensive training,cats will open their mouths in order to gain release from a puzzle box,but will not give a bona fide yawn.This is an example of

Which of the following is not true about behavioral variability?

How can one measure instrumental behaviors? What are the indicators that learning is taking place?

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition experiment? What were the results,and how have those results been reinterpreted?

Which of the following is an example of a response reinforcer relationship with good contingency but weak temporal contiguity?

Which of the following is not an alternative explanation to the learned helplessness hypothesis?

According to Skinner,superstitious behavior is due to

What are the effects of a delay of reinforcement on instrumental learning and what causes these effects?

Magazine training involves which of the following?

According to behavioral systems theory,the periodicity of interim responses is best explained by

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda.Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

In a discrete trial procedure,the researcher can measure all of the following except

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

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Exam 5: Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

When shaping the behavior of an organism,you must

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Lyle leaves the theater because the music in the show he is watching is too loud.This is an example of

Closer examination of Skinner's superstition experiment revealed that what appeared to be idiosyncratic behaviors was/were really

The cats in Thorndike's puzzle boxes were able to escape more quickly over successive trials.Thorndike interpreted this performance change to reflect

Thorndike determined that with extensive training,cats will open their mouths in order to gain release from a puzzle box,but will not give a bona fide yawn.This is an example of

Which of the following is not true about behavioral variability?

How can one measure instrumental behaviors? What are the indicators that learning is taking place?

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition experiment? What were the results,and how have those results been reinterpreted?

Which of the following is an example of a response reinforcer relationship with good contingency but weak temporal contiguity?

Which of the following is not an alternative explanation to the learned helplessness hypothesis?

According to Skinner,superstitious behavior is due to

What are the effects of a delay of reinforcement on instrumental learning and what causes these effects?

Magazine training involves which of the following?

According to behavioral systems theory,the periodicity of interim responses is best explained by

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda.Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

In a discrete trial procedure,the researcher can measure all of the following except

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters