Question 1

According to the safety-signal hypothesis,_____ serve as conditioned inhibitors of fear.

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal cues of the S-S interval 
B)  response associated feedback cues 
C)  CS associated feedback cues 
D)  US associated feedback cues 
A)  temporal cues of the S-S interval 
B)  response associated feedback cues 
C)  CS associated feedback cues 
D)  US associated feedback cues

Question 2

Timmy is afraid of snakes and runs away whenever he sees one.To cure him of his fear,his older brother places Timmy in a box along with three harmless garter snakes.This treatment is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  response prevention. 
B)  systematic desensitization. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  conditioned suppression. 
A)  response prevention. 
B)  systematic desensitization. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  conditioned suppression.

Question 3

In a free-operant procedure,if the R-S interval is shorter than the S-S interval,you would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  the subject would quickly learn to make the avoidance response. 
B)  the subject would slowly learn to make the avoidance response. 
C)  the subject would be unlikely to make the avoidance response. 
D)  subjects would vary greatly as to their learning rates. 
A)  the subject would quickly learn to make the avoidance response. 
B)  the subject would slowly learn to make the avoidance response. 
C)  the subject would be unlikely to make the avoidance response. 
D)  subjects would vary greatly as to their learning rates.

Question 4

If you wish to quickly and permanently suppress a behavior through the use of punishment,you should

Accepted Answer

A)  initially use mildly aversive stimuli. 
B)  initially use aversive stimuli of short duration. 
C)  initially use strong and longer aversive stimulation. 
D)  use mild aversive stimulation and progress to stronger stimuli. 
A)  initially use mildly aversive stimuli. 
B)  initially use aversive stimuli of short duration. 
C)  initially use strong and longer aversive stimulation. 
D)  use mild aversive stimulation and progress to stronger stimuli.

Question 5

More response suppression will be achieved if the shock that is administered in a punishment situation is

Accepted Answer

A)  response noncontingent, harsh, and of long duration. 
B)  response contingent, mild, and of short duration. 
C)  response noncontingent, mild, and of short duration. 
D)  response contingent, harsh, and of long duration. 
A)  response noncontingent, harsh, and of long duration. 
B)  response contingent, mild, and of short duration. 
C)  response noncontingent, mild, and of short duration. 
D)  response contingent, harsh, and of long duration.

Question 6

According to Premack,shock punishes lever pressing behaviors because

Accepted Answer

A)  undergoing shock is a higher-valued activity than lever pressing. 
B)  lever pressing is a higher-valued activity than undergoing shock. 
C)  lever pressing and undergoing shock are equally probable behaviors. 
D)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  undergoing shock is a higher-valued activity than lever pressing. 
B)  lever pressing is a higher-valued activity than undergoing shock. 
C)  lever pressing and undergoing shock are equally probable behaviors. 
D)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is the strongest challenge to the two-process theory account of free-operant avoidance learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoidance behavior can be conditioned when S-S and R-S intervals are varied throughout an experiment. 
B)  There is no explicit CS in free-operant procedures. 
C)  With extensive training, subjects distribute their responses towards the end of the R-S interval. 
D)  S-S and R-S intervals are typically quite predictable. 
A)  Avoidance behavior can be conditioned when S-S and R-S intervals are varied throughout an experiment. 
B)  There is no explicit CS in free-operant procedures. 
C)  With extensive training, subjects distribute their responses towards the end of the R-S interval. 
D)  S-S and R-S intervals are typically quite predictable.

Question 8

As avoidance training continues,fear of the avoidance CS

Accepted Answer

A)  remains constant. 
B)  increases. 
C)  begins to fluctuate around a relatively high asymptote. 
D)  decreases. 
A)  remains constant. 
B)  increases. 
C)  begins to fluctuate around a relatively high asymptote. 
D)  decreases.

Question 9

According to the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment,punishment results in response suppression because

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects learn to engage in behaviors incompatible with the target response. 
B)  subjects make avoidance responses that compete with the target response. 
C)  punishment weakens the association between the eliciting stimulus and the target response. 
D)  pre-response cues elicit fear reactions that are incompatible with the target response. 
A)  subjects learn to engage in behaviors incompatible with the target response. 
B)  subjects make avoidance responses that compete with the target response. 
C)  punishment weakens the association between the eliciting stimulus and the target response. 
D)  pre-response cues elicit fear reactions that are incompatible with the target response.

Question 10

During avoidance training,subjects are also given periodic conditioned suppression tests with the shock-avoidance CS.With extended avoidance training,response suppression

Accepted Answer

A)  remains constant. 
B)  increases. 
C)  begins to fluctuate around a relatively high asymptote. 
D)  decreases. 
A)  remains constant. 
B)  increases. 
C)  begins to fluctuate around a relatively high asymptote. 
D)  decreases.

Question 11

The reduction of fear to the shock-avoidance CS that accompanies extended avoidance training

Accepted Answer

A)  is accompanied by a reduction in avoidance responses. 
B)  has little effect on avoidance responses. 
C)  reduces the persistence of avoidance responses. 
D)  results in the flooding of avoidance responses. 
A)  is accompanied by a reduction in avoidance responses. 
B)  has little effect on avoidance responses. 
C)  reduces the persistence of avoidance responses. 
D)  results in the flooding of avoidance responses.

Question 12

Your new client has a fear of exams and to avoid them has been skipping class altogether.What can you do to eliminate this disruptive avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your new client has a fear of...

Question 13

In what ways is punishment similar to positive reinforcement; in what ways is it different?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways is punishment similar to...

Question 14

Conservation of fear accounts for

Accepted Answer

A)  the persistent ability of a shock-avoidance CS to suppress behavior. 
B)  the persistence of CS-terminating avoidance responses after the aversive US is no longer delivered. 
C)  the persistent aversive properties of the US. 
D)  the persistent aversive properties of the CR. 
A)  the persistent ability of a shock-avoidance CS to suppress behavior. 
B)  the persistence of CS-terminating avoidance responses after the aversive US is no longer delivered. 
C)  the persistent aversive properties of the US. 
D)  the persistent aversive properties of the CR.

Question 15

Which theory suggests that the nature of the avoidance response is shaped by punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the two-process theory of avoidance 
B)  SSDR theory 
C)  the safety-signal hypothesis 
D)  shock-frequency reduction theory 
A)  the two-process theory of avoidance 
B)  SSDR theory 
C)  the safety-signal hypothesis 
D)  shock-frequency reduction theory

Question 16

What is the difference between active and passive avoidance? Provide an example
of each.

Accepted Answer

Active avoidance and passive avoidance a

Question 17

Your friend tells you that she studies to avoid getting bad grades.Her explanation of the behavior is most like

Accepted Answer

A)  the safety-signal hypothesis. 
B)  SSDR theory. 
C)  shock-frequency reduction theory. 
D)  the two-process theory of avoidance. 
A)  the safety-signal hypothesis. 
B)  SSDR theory. 
C)  shock-frequency reduction theory. 
D)  the two-process theory of avoidance.

Question 18

Which theory rejects the importance of instrumental conditioning in the development of avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  the predatory imminence hypothesis 
B)  the safety-signal hypothesis 
C)  SSDR theory 
D)  the shock-frequency reduction theory 
A)  the predatory imminence hypothesis 
B)  the safety-signal hypothesis 
C)  SSDR theory 
D)  the shock-frequency reduction theory

Question 19

In fear conditioning,the CS and US neural signals appear to converge in the

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala. 
B)  hippocampus. 
C)  PAG. 
D)  pontine nucleus. 
A)  amygdala. 
B)  hippocampus. 
C)  PAG. 
D)  pontine nucleus.

Question 20

Two rats are placed in a free-operant avoidance situation.For rat #1,the S-S interval is 2 seconds.For rat #2,the S-S interval is 5 seconds.What will likely be the relative rates of learning the avoidance response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rat #1 will learn more quickly than rat #2. 
B)  Rat #2 will learn more quickly than rat #1. 
C)  The rats will learn the response at the same rate. 
D)  Neither rat will learn the response. 
A)  Rat #1 will learn more quickly than rat #2. 
B)  Rat #2 will learn more quickly than rat #1. 
C)  The rats will learn the response at the same rate. 
D)  Neither rat will learn the response.

According to the safety-signal hypothesis,_____ serve as conditioned inhibitors of fear.

Timmy is afraid of snakes and runs away whenever he sees one.To cure him of his fear,his older brother places Timmy in a box along with three harmless garter snakes.This treatment is an example of

In a free-operant procedure,if the R-S interval is shorter than the S-S interval,you would expect

If you wish to quickly and permanently suppress a behavior through the use of punishment,you should

More response suppression will be achieved if the shock that is administered in a punishment situation is

According to Premack,shock punishes lever pressing behaviors because

Which of the following is the strongest challenge to the two-process theory account of free-operant avoidance learning?

As avoidance training continues,fear of the avoidance CS

According to the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment,punishment results in response suppression because

During avoidance training,subjects are also given periodic conditioned suppression tests with the shock-avoidance CS.With extended avoidance training,response suppression

The reduction of fear to the shock-avoidance CS that accompanies extended avoidance training

Your new client has a fear of exams and to avoid them has been skipping class altogether.What can you do to eliminate this disruptive avoidance behavior?

In what ways is punishment similar to positive reinforcement; in what ways is it different?

Conservation of fear accounts for

Which theory suggests that the nature of the avoidance response is shaped by punishment?

What is the difference between active and passive avoidance? Provide an example of each.

Your friend tells you that she studies to avoid getting bad grades.Her explanation of the behavior is most like

Which theory rejects the importance of instrumental conditioning in the development of avoidance behavior?

In fear conditioning,the CS and US neural signals appear to converge in the

Two rats are placed in a free-operant avoidance situation.For rat #1,the S-S interval is 2 seconds.For rat #2,the S-S interval is 5 seconds.What will likely be the relative rates of learning the avoidance response?

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters

Exam 10: Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

According to the safety-signal hypothesis,_____ serve as conditioned inhibitors of fear.

Timmy is afraid of snakes and runs away whenever he sees one.To cure him of his fear,his older brother places Timmy in a box along with three harmless garter snakes.This treatment is an example of

In a free-operant procedure,if the R-S interval is shorter than the S-S interval,you would expect

If you wish to quickly and permanently suppress a behavior through the use of punishment,you should

More response suppression will be achieved if the shock that is administered in a punishment situation is

According to Premack,shock punishes lever pressing behaviors because

Which of the following is the strongest challenge to the two-process theory account of free-operant avoidance learning?

As avoidance training continues,fear of the avoidance CS

According to the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment,punishment results in response suppression because

During avoidance training,subjects are also given periodic conditioned suppression tests with the shock-avoidance CS.With extended avoidance training,response suppression

The reduction of fear to the shock-avoidance CS that accompanies extended avoidance training

Your new client has a fear of exams and to avoid them has been skipping class altogether.What can you do to eliminate this disruptive avoidance behavior?

In what ways is punishment similar to positive reinforcement; in what ways is it different?

Conservation of fear accounts for

Which theory suggests that the nature of the avoidance response is shaped by punishment?

What is the difference between active and passive avoidance? Provide an example of each.

Your friend tells you that she studies to avoid getting bad grades.Her explanation of the behavior is most like

Which theory rejects the importance of instrumental conditioning in the development of avoidance behavior?

In fear conditioning,the CS and US neural signals appear to converge in the

Two rats are placed in a free-operant avoidance situation.For rat #1,the S-S interval is 2 seconds.For rat #2,the S-S interval is 5 seconds.What will likely be the relative rates of learning the avoidance response?

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters