Question 1

Which theory assumes positive reinforcement accounts for avoidance behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  safety-signal hypothesis 
B)  SSDR theory 
C)  two-process theory of avoidance 
D)  predatory imminence theory 
A)  safety-signal hypothesis 
B)  SSDR theory 
C)  two-process theory of avoidance 
D)  predatory imminence theory

Question 2

A fundamental question in the study of avoidance is:

Accepted Answer

A)  How do avoidance trials lead to escape behaviors? 
B)  Why does punishment have to be discriminated to be effective? 
C)  How can the absence of something be reinforcing? 
D)  All of the above 
A)  How do avoidance trials lead to escape behaviors? 
B)  Why does punishment have to be discriminated to be effective? 
C)  How can the absence of something be reinforcing? 
D)  All of the above

Question 3

Compare discriminated avoidance to free-operant avoidance procedures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare discriminated avoidance to free-operant avoidance procedures....

Question 4

The goal of acquired drive experiments is to

Accepted Answer

A)  examine the role of conditioned reinforcers in the control of appetitive behaviors. 
B)  explore how classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning make separate contributions to avoidance behaviors. 
C)  demonstrate the role of punishment in the control of instrumental behaviors. 
D)  examine the role played by omission training in the development of conditioned reinforcers. 
A)  examine the role of conditioned reinforcers in the control of appetitive behaviors. 
B)  explore how classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning make separate contributions to avoidance behaviors. 
C)  demonstrate the role of punishment in the control of instrumental behaviors. 
D)  examine the role played by omission training in the development of conditioned reinforcers.

Question 5

An aversive stimulus is administered following a response in the presence of a tone.When the tone is not present,the same response does not bring about the aversive stimulus.This procedure is called

Accepted Answer

A)  overcorrection. 
B)  discriminated punishment. 
C)  self-punitive behavior. 
D)  response-independent stimulation. 
A)  overcorrection. 
B)  discriminated punishment. 
C)  self-punitive behavior. 
D)  response-independent stimulation.

Question 6

Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment to the avoidance theory of punishment.Provide evidence of support for each theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of...

Question 7

Early termination of a shock-avoidance CS due to an avoidance response prevents an organism from experiencing much of the CS.This describes the mechanism for

Accepted Answer

A)  flooding. 
B)  response prevention. 
C)  conditioned suppression. 
D)  conservation of fear. 
A)  flooding. 
B)  response prevention. 
C)  conditioned suppression. 
D)  conservation of fear.

Question 8

Your cat tried to avoid the new puppy by running away,but the puppy always caught the cat.Now,the cat successfully avoids the puppy by becoming very still every time the puppy is near.Which theory best accounts for the shaping of your cat's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  SSDR theory 
B)  the two-process theory of avoidance 
C)  the shock-frequency reduction theory 
D)  the safety-signal hypothesis 
A)  SSDR theory 
B)  the two-process theory of avoidance 
C)  the shock-frequency reduction theory 
D)  the safety-signal hypothesis

Question 9

The two-process theory of avoidance asserts that the reinforcing properties of avoidance trials are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  omission training. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  omission training.

Question 10

One problem with using punishment to alter behavior is that parents will often pay less attention to a child when it is reading quietly than when he or she is engaging in a behavior that is unacceptable.When this happens,

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment may become a signal for positive reinforcement. 
B)  a discriminated punishment procedure is being used. 
C)  an overcorrection procedure is being used. 
D)  punishment is ineffective because of the lack of an alternative response. 
A)  punishment may become a signal for positive reinforcement. 
B)  a discriminated punishment procedure is being used. 
C)  an overcorrection procedure is being used. 
D)  punishment is ineffective because of the lack of an alternative response.

Question 11

Which theory suggests that punishment causes response suppression because a subject learns to engage in behaviors incompatible with the target response?

Accepted Answer

A)  SSDR theory 
B)  the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment 
C)  the avoidance theory of punishment 
D)  the negative law of effect 
A)  SSDR theory 
B)  the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment 
C)  the avoidance theory of punishment 
D)  the negative law of effect

Question 12

The most important factor contributing to the extinction of an avoidance response in a flooding procedure is

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of response prevention trials. 
B)  the time spent exposed to the CS during response prevention trials. 
C)  the time spent engaging in the UR during response prevention trials. 
D)  the time spent exposed to the US during response prevention trials. 
A)  the number of response prevention trials. 
B)  the time spent exposed to the CS during response prevention trials. 
C)  the time spent engaging in the UR during response prevention trials. 
D)  the time spent exposed to the US during response prevention trials.

Question 13

With extended avoidance training,fear to the shock-avoidance CS decreases.This has little impact on the continued reinforcement of the avoidance response because

Accepted Answer

A)  response prevention does not result in extinction of avoidance behavior. 
B)  fear is not necessary for avoidance conditioning. 
C)  even a small degree of fear reduction is reinforcing. 
D)  the ability of the CS to elicit response suppression is still strong. 
A)  response prevention does not result in extinction of avoidance behavior. 
B)  fear is not necessary for avoidance conditioning. 
C)  even a small degree of fear reduction is reinforcing. 
D)  the ability of the CS to elicit response suppression is still strong.

Question 14

The challenge a free-operant avoidance behavior presents to the two-process theory of avoidance is that

Accepted Answer

A)  in the free-operant procedure, longer S-S intervals increase learning rates. 
B)  in the free-operant procedure, there is no clear instrumental response. 
C)  in the free-operant procedure, there is no means of response prevention. 
D)  in the free-operant procedure, there is no explicit CS to elicit fear. 
A)  in the free-operant procedure, longer S-S intervals increase learning rates. 
B)  in the free-operant procedure, there is no clear instrumental response. 
C)  in the free-operant procedure, there is no means of response prevention. 
D)  in the free-operant procedure, there is no explicit CS to elicit fear.

Question 15

Punishment is also referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  active avoidance. 
B)  passive avoidance. 
C)  escape. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
A)  active avoidance. 
B)  passive avoidance. 
C)  escape. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 16

How can the concept of a safety signal be used to explain free-operant avoidance learning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can the concept of a safety...

Question 17

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes.Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?

Accepted Answer

A)  making a loud noise and taking the shoe away from the puppy at the same time 
B)  rubbing the puppy's nose in the shoe leather smell 
C)  startling the puppy with a loud noise, removing the shoe, and giving the puppy a toy to chew on 
D)  taking away the shoe and giving the puppy a toy to chew on 
A)  making a loud noise and taking the shoe away from the puppy at the same time 
B)  rubbing the puppy's nose in the shoe leather smell 
C)  startling the puppy with a loud noise, removing the shoe, and giving the puppy a toy to chew on 
D)  taking away the shoe and giving the puppy a toy to chew on

Which theory assumes positive reinforcement accounts for avoidance behaviors?

A fundamental question in the study of avoidance is:

Compare discriminated avoidance to free-operant avoidance procedures.

The goal of acquired drive experiments is to

An aversive stimulus is administered following a response in the presence of a tone.When the tone is not present,the same response does not bring about the aversive stimulus.This procedure is called

Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment to the avoidance theory of punishment.Provide evidence of support for each theory.

Early termination of a shock-avoidance CS due to an avoidance response prevents an organism from experiencing much of the CS.This describes the mechanism for

Your cat tried to avoid the new puppy by running away,but the puppy always caught the cat.Now,the cat successfully avoids the puppy by becoming very still every time the puppy is near.Which theory best accounts for the shaping of your cat's behavior?

The two-process theory of avoidance asserts that the reinforcing properties of avoidance trials are due to

One problem with using punishment to alter behavior is that parents will often pay less attention to a child when it is reading quietly than when he or she is engaging in a behavior that is unacceptable.When this happens,

Which theory suggests that punishment causes response suppression because a subject learns to engage in behaviors incompatible with the target response?

The most important factor contributing to the extinction of an avoidance response in a flooding procedure is

With extended avoidance training,fear to the shock-avoidance CS decreases.This has little impact on the continued reinforcement of the avoidance response because

The challenge a free-operant avoidance behavior presents to the two-process theory of avoidance is that

Punishment is also referred to as

How can the concept of a safety signal be used to explain free-operant avoidance learning?

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes.Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters

Exam 10: Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Which theory assumes positive reinforcement accounts for avoidance behaviors?

A fundamental question in the study of avoidance is:

Compare discriminated avoidance to free-operant avoidance procedures.

The goal of acquired drive experiments is to

An aversive stimulus is administered following a response in the presence of a tone.When the tone is not present,the same response does not bring about the aversive stimulus.This procedure is called

Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment to the avoidance theory of punishment.Provide evidence of support for each theory.

Early termination of a shock-avoidance CS due to an avoidance response prevents an organism from experiencing much of the CS.This describes the mechanism for

Your cat tried to avoid the new puppy by running away,but the puppy always caught the cat.Now,the cat successfully avoids the puppy by becoming very still every time the puppy is near.Which theory best accounts for the shaping of your cat's behavior?

The two-process theory of avoidance asserts that the reinforcing properties of avoidance trials are due to

One problem with using punishment to alter behavior is that parents will often pay less attention to a child when it is reading quietly than when he or she is engaging in a behavior that is unacceptable.When this happens,

Which theory suggests that punishment causes response suppression because a subject learns to engage in behaviors incompatible with the target response?

The most important factor contributing to the extinction of an avoidance response in a flooding procedure is

With extended avoidance training,fear to the shock-avoidance CS decreases.This has little impact on the continued reinforcement of the avoidance response because

The challenge a free-operant avoidance behavior presents to the two-process theory of avoidance is that

Punishment is also referred to as

How can the concept of a safety signal be used to explain free-operant avoidance learning?

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes.Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters