Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

A toddler has an established conditioned fear of snow.Over the past few weeks every time he sees Santa Claus, snow is always present so he develops a fear of Santa Claus.This example is an illustration of higher-order conditioning.

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

After owning a car with a manual transmission, Don buys a car with an automatic transmission.When first driving his new car, he keeps reaching for the nonexistent clutch and gearshift.This is an example of

April wants to teach her cat not to claw at the arms of her couch.She will be most successful in reducing the cat's scratching behaviour if she uses

Two processes involved in the acquisition of phobias and the tendency of phobias to show a high resistance to extinction are

Dillon is four years old, and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you".They will be most successful in altering Dillon's behavior if they use

In positive reinforcement the response is strengthened as a result of the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus; in negative reinforcement a response is strengthened as a result of the removal of a desirable stimulus.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE?

Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced.This process is called

When an individual has a phobia, the irrational fear and anxiety that the person experiences is

The principles of learning and conditioning have

Learning to ride a bicycle is most likely acquired via the process of

Your younger daughter watches your older daughter wash the breakfast dishes.Later, your younger daughter attempts to wash some dishes.The older daughter has acted as

Negative reinforcement ____ the rate of a response; punishment ____ the rate of a response.

Application of conditioning principles to solve behaviour problems is generally known as

Any event that follows a behaviour and results in the behaviour having a lower probability of happening in the future is known as a

Kelly's parents always leave her with the same babysitter when they go out.Within minutes of the babysitter's arrival her parent are gone.Kelly's babysitter arrives at her birthday party; as soon as Kelly sees her she begins to cry.Using the principles of classical conditioning, explain why Kelly cried when she saw the babysitter.

In Pavlov's principle experiment, if a dog salivates after hearing a tone the salivation would be the

When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus it is called