Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

When as a young child you first realised that you could use money to buy sweets and cooldrinks, money began to become an effective

The basic principles of gradual acquisition, extinction, stimulus generalisation, and discrimination apply

One Saturday, Clayton was sitting at home when the telephone rang.A local company was making promotional calls and told Clayton he had just won a R500 gift certificate.He felt a rush of excitement at the thought of what he could do with R500.Now Clayton finds that whenever he hears a telephone ring, he feels a little surge of excitement.In this example, the conditioned response is

Maria developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer.This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water.She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, however, as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again.This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as

A previously neutral stimulus, that through conditioning acquires the capacity to evoke a response, is

According to Skinner, the fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that organisms tend to repeat those responses that.

Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which

Explain how a specific phobia could be acquired through classical conditioning, being sure to identify the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response in your example.Also, using classical conditioning, indicate how the phobia could be eliminated.

Lynne is afraid of all spiders because her brother once dropped a spider down her shirt when she was younger.Today, even the sight of a rubber spider is enough to send shivers down her spine.The learning process that could best account for Lynne's fear of spiders is

If a child covers his/her ears when seeing fireworks, before hearing the sound of the fireworks, seeing the fireworks would be a(n)

____________________ refers to the initial stage of learning something.

Shaquille is a professional basketball player.He never knows for sure which of his shots will result in a basket, but the more shots he takes the more baskets he makes.In this example, Shaquille's shooting is being reinforced on

The difference between punishment and negative reinforcement is that

When shown a Santa Claus beard, Little Albert showed a fear response, which was evidence of

Nicolas has autistic disorder and he was mute.A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips.This slowly changed until Nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words, and eventually only for saying complete sentences.In this example, Nicolas developed speech skills through the use of

When a behaviour is strengthened indirectly, through vicarious conditioning, the process at work is ____________________ learning.

The technique used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, is

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, the conditioned stimulus was

When an organism responds to a specific stimulus or conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as

Angela came home after her curfew last night; as a result, her parents have taken away her driving privileges for one week.What discipline technique are Angela's parents using?