Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

In a Skinner box, the cumulative recorder

The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer and closer approximations of some desired response is called

The experience Seligman had with sauce béarnaise was unique in that

In Pavlov's original experiment on classical conditioning, the unconditioned response (UR) was

Classical conditioning could easily account for how a young child might learn to

Examples of behaviours learned through classical conditioning would include all the following EXCEPT

A circus trainer wants to train a cat to pull a rope as part of an animal act.The probability that the cat will just pull a rope is very low.What technique would be the best choice to use to help the cat learn to emit the desired response?

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically

It is very likely that you learned how to turn on the TV and change channels as a young child without your parents ever specifically teaching you to do so.(In fact, your parents were probably happier when they had control over the TV.) In this case, your learning would, most likely, be an example of

Every time Brenda does the dishes her parents give her a rand.What type of reinforcement are Brenda's parents using?

Resistance to extinction occurs when a previously extinguished response reappears after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus.

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings, in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from

On Tuesday morning, Chloe prepared her typical breakfast of cornflakes with milk and a cup of coffee.However, instead of having grapefruit with her breakfast, she tried eating guava for the first time.Later she became extremely ill.If her illness causes her to develop a conditioned response to one of her breakfast items, the conditioned response will MOST likely be to

The fact that the principles of conditioning are routinely applied in homes, businesses, schools, and factories show that the causes of behavior are multifactorial.

How do psychologists define learning?

Mary takes a course in which she is tested every two weeks.Her studying falls off right after a test, followed by a gradual increase to a rapid rate of studying as the next test approaches.Her studying conforms to the typical pattern of responding maintained on

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

____________________ refers to a relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge due to experience.

If you devise a self-modification programme in which you systematically reward yourself for studying, you are applying the principles of

Last year Becky went to a psychologist and was cured of her dog phobia.Today, however, while jogging in the park she was overcome with anxiety when she saw a young man jogging toward her with his golden retriever on a leash.Apparently, Becky's dog phobia