Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience defines

Ken used to drool at the smell of peanut butter cookies as they baked, and he couldn't wait to sink his teeth into that first cookie.However, Ken's new roommate makes terrible peanut butter cookies, and the smell of them baking is no longer associated with a wonderful taste experience.Consequently, Ken finds that the smell of the cookies no longer makes him drool in anticipation.This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as

Observational learning occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called ____________________.

Holly was dancing with her new boyfriend at an Elvis tribute.When the band started playing Can't Help Falling in Love with You, her boyfriend gave her a long, passionate kiss, which Holly found very enjoyable.Now Holly finds that every time she hears Can't Help Falling in Love with You on the radio, she becomes a little flushed.In this example, the conditioned stimulus is

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like.Based on principles of observational learning, in the future whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like, the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

In order to weaken or eliminate a conditioned response, you would present

Skinner demonstrated that organisms tend to repeat responses that are followed by favourable consequences.Skinner termed these favourable consequences

Julie has a desk right next to her manager's office.Whenever her manager is in his office, Julie makes sure that she works hard at her computer.However, if the manager is away from his office she often works much more slowly and takes more breaks.In this case, the manager being in his office is acting as

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins.The coins could then be traded in for banana chips which could be eaten.The coins served as a

Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, the unconditioned stimulus was

Cassie asked her father for a chocolate bar at the grocery store, and her father bought her the chocolate bar.If Cassie asks for more chocolate bars in the future, the chocolate bar has acted as a

Businesses often provide good meals and pleasant surroundings when initially meeting with new clients.In these situations, clients may develop positive feelings toward their business host and the company he or she represents.If this occurs, then the pleasant surroundings have functioned as

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the

A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience is defined as

While out trick-or-treating for Halloween, at first Billy's neighbours had to remind him to say "trick or treat" before they dropped their treats into his bag.As he continued to visit houses in the neighbourhood, soon Billy would say "trick or treat" as soon as the neighbours answered the door.The treats he received were the ____ for his saying "trick or treat".

The continued presentation of the CS without the US will result in the gradual disappearance of the CR.This phenomenon is known as

In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given

What is extinction? How does it differ from forgetting?

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, stimulus generalisation was shown when Albert showed the fear response to