Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

In classical conditioning a conditioned association is formed between a previously neutral, conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.

Bert used to go to his health club every day after work because he almost always saw Abigail there.For two full weeks Abigail wasn't at the club when Bert went there for his workout, and now Bert has stopped going to his health club.This example illustrates the operant conditioning process of

Learning theorists argue that learning takes place through conditioning.Describe the two types of conditioning discussed in your text.

Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine.This is because slot machines reward playing on a ____ schedule.

A conditioned stimulus is

Anthony classically conditioned his cat to purr whenever the phone rang.One day, the phone rang for nearly two hours straight when Anthony wasn't home, and the cat's conditioned purring response underwent extinction.Today, the response has spontaneously recovered, but if the conditioned purring response were to undergo extinction again Anthony should expect that it will

Food would be considered a(n) ____________________ reinforcer, while money would be considered a(n) ____________________ reinforcer.

The type of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences is

A student who studies in order to earn high grades is working for ____; a student who studies in order to avoid low grades is working for ____.

Charity used to really enjoy potato salad, and at a family reunion she ate a large helping.Unfortunately, the potato salad had not been kept cold, and Charity became quite ill after eating it.Now she finds that even the sight of potatoes in the grocery store can make her feel sick to her stomach.In this example, the sick feeling Charity experiences when she sees potatoes in the grocery store is

A pigeon learns to peck at a disc lighted green to receive reinforcement, but not at a disc lighted red.This means that, for the pigeon, the colour of the disc is a

Food is an example of ____; praise is an example of ____.

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Negative reinforcement and punishment are similar in that they both weaken the tendency of the organism to make a response.

The learning theory that is best able to explain why physical punishment tends to increase aggressive behaviour in children is

The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called

Pavlov became interested in conditioning when he observed laboratory dogs

Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which

Darrel was dancing with his new girlfriend at an Elvis tribute.When the band started playing Can't Help Falling in Love with You, his girlfriend gave him a long passionate kiss, which Darrel found very enjoyable.Now Darrel finds that every time he hears Can't Help Falling in Love with You on the radio, he becomes mildly excited.In this example, the long, passionate kiss is

When a neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus, the process is