Question 1

Research suggests that goals are MOST helpful in facilitating achievement when they are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) specific and somewhat difficult to achieve 
B) specific and very easy to achieve 
C) broad and somewhat difficult to achieve 
D) broad and very easy to achieve 
A) specific and somewhat difficult to achieve 
B) specific and very easy to achieve 
C) broad and somewhat difficult to achieve 
D) broad and very easy to achieve

Question 2

Researchers offered people free popcorn at the movies. Some people were offered fresh popcorn, while others were offered stale popcorn. People ate more ____.

Accepted Answer

A) fresh popcorn than stale popcorn 
B) stale popcorn than fresh popcorn 
C) fresh popcorn than stale if they were not in the habit of eating popcorn at the movies 
D) fresh popcorn than stale if they were in the habit of eating popcorn at the movies 
A) fresh popcorn than stale popcorn 
B) stale popcorn than fresh popcorn 
C) fresh popcorn than stale if they were not in the habit of eating popcorn at the movies 
D) fresh popcorn than stale if they were in the habit of eating popcorn at the movies

Question 3

Which of the following statements about free will is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Absolute free will is an important feature of social behavior. 
B) Relative free will is an important feature of social behavior. 
C) Greater free will is marked by automatic processes. 
D) Greater free will is marked by low self-regulation. 
A) Absolute free will is an important feature of social behavior. 
B) Relative free will is an important feature of social behavior. 
C) Greater free will is marked by automatic processes. 
D) Greater free will is marked by low self-regulation.

Question 4

Johanna had a terrible car accident that left her a quadriplegic. She is very depressed and believes that she is overly dependent on others, which she does not want. Which factor best describes why Johanna might be at risk for suicide?

Accepted Answer

A) Temporal discounting 
B) Burdensomeness 
C) Risk aversion 
D) Preoccupation with recent events 
A) Temporal discounting 
B) Burdensomeness 
C) Risk aversion 
D) Preoccupation with recent events

Question 5

When humans rely on meaning to make choices, they are able to look at meaning ____.

Accepted Answer

A) with clarity, leading to one decision path 
B) as multiple means of understanding a situation 
C) in purely contractual terms 
D) based purely on moral principles 
A) with clarity, leading to one decision path 
B) as multiple means of understanding a situation 
C) in purely contractual terms 
D) based purely on moral principles

Question 6

The first "T" or "Test" in the acronym TOTE is a comparison of self against the ________________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first "T" or "Test" in the...

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the relationship between habits and goals?

Accepted Answer

A) Habits are vestiges of past efforts at pursuing goals. 
B) Habits are generally opposed to one's goals. 
C) Habits are irrelevant to goals. 
D) Habits are the results of setting unrealistic goals. 
A) Habits are vestiges of past efforts at pursuing goals. 
B) Habits are generally opposed to one's goals. 
C) Habits are irrelevant to goals. 
D) Habits are the results of setting unrealistic goals.

Question 8

The so-called Zeigarnik effect refers to the tendency for people ____.

Accepted Answer

A) to experience automatic, intrusive thoughts about a goal when pursuit of that goal has been interrupted 
B) to make overly optimistic plans, failing to make allowances for unexpected events or problems 
C) to feel relatively less stress or suffering when they think that they have the option of escaping from a situation (compared to when they think they do not have the option of escaping) 
D) to give greater weight to potential losses than to potential gains when making decisions 
A) to experience automatic, intrusive thoughts about a goal when pursuit of that goal has been interrupted 
B) to make overly optimistic plans, failing to make allowances for unexpected events or problems 
C) to feel relatively less stress or suffering when they think that they have the option of escaping from a situation (compared to when they think they do not have the option of escaping) 
D) to give greater weight to potential losses than to potential gains when making decisions

Question 9

Because attending college requires the ability to make immediate sacrifices for later rewards, it is sometimes thought of as a very long exercise in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) goal shielding 
B) incremental awareness 
C) the capacity to delay gratification 
D) learned helplessness 
A) goal shielding 
B) incremental awareness 
C) the capacity to delay gratification 
D) learned helplessness

Question 10

Research on proximal goals and distal goals suggests that MOST people ____.

Accepted Answer

A) have goal hierarchies (including proximal goals and distal goals) 
B) have proximal goals but not distal goals 
C) have distal goals but not proximal goals 
D) have either proximal goals or distal goals (but not both) 
A) have goal hierarchies (including proximal goals and distal goals) 
B) have proximal goals but not distal goals 
C) have distal goals but not proximal goals 
D) have either proximal goals or distal goals (but not both)

Question 11

A father is planning to give some extra pocket money to his 12-year-old son. He asks his son if he would like the amount right now or if he would rather wait for a week, which is around the time his school is organizing a picnic. The son chooses to take the allowance right away rather than wait for a whole week. This scenario is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the capacity to delay gratification 
B) error management theory 
C) the omission bias 
D) temporal discounting 
A) the capacity to delay gratification 
B) error management theory 
C) the omission bias 
D) temporal discounting

Question 12

Participants in a study about decision making considered two different ways of resolving a dispute with a neighbor. In one solution, the participant received $600, and the neighbor received $800. In the other solution, the participant and the neighbor each got $500. When participants compared the two possible solutions, which option did they prefer?

Accepted Answer

A) They preferred the option that gave them $600 and the neighbor $800. 
B) They preferred the option that gave the neighbor and themselves $500 each. 
C) There was no difference in the frequency with which each option was chosen. 
D) The majority of participants turned down both options. 
A) They preferred the option that gave them $600 and the neighbor $800. 
B) They preferred the option that gave the neighbor and themselves $500 each. 
C) There was no difference in the frequency with which each option was chosen. 
D) The majority of participants turned down both options.

Question 13

Maureen thinks that her abilities are fluid and capable of changing and developing over time. She decides to try to learn gardening. Her first year of planting is a complete failure-nearly every plant dies. She only harvests a few tomatoes. Given this information about Maureen, what can you predict about her interest in gardening?

Accepted Answer

A) She will try again the next year and plan to learn from her mistakes. 
B) She will gradually experience learned helplessness and lose interest in gardening. 
C) She will be risk averse and not want to engage in gardening next year. 
D) She will plant only tomatoes because she was successful with tomato plants this year. 
A) She will try again the next year and plan to learn from her mistakes. 
B) She will gradually experience learned helplessness and lose interest in gardening. 
C) She will be risk averse and not want to engage in gardening next year. 
D) She will plant only tomatoes because she was successful with tomato plants this year.

Question 14

Choosing the default option because it does not require you to do anything is known as ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choosing the default option because it does...

Question 15

Peter is the team leader of a major project at work. The project is very complex and will require a number of months to complete. Peter wants to ensure that his team members stay motivated and focus on the task at hand despite the inevitable frustrations that are likely to come up along the way. Based on research, when it is MOST likely that the team will experience the lowest motivation?

Accepted Answer

A) At the start of the project 
B) Midway through the project 
C) When the project is very close to completion 
D) Almost randomly, throughout the course of the project 
A) At the start of the project 
B) Midway through the project 
C) When the project is very close to completion 
D) Almost randomly, throughout the course of the project

Question 16

Research on entity and incremental theorists has shown that these two groups of people tend to make different kinds of attributions for other people's behaviors. Specifically, compared to entity theorists, incremental theorists tend to make more ____, thereby suggesting that others' behaviors are the result of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) internal attributions; their circumstances 
B) internal attributions; their personalities 
C) external attributions; their circumstances 
D) external attributions; their personalities 
A) internal attributions; their circumstances 
B) internal attributions; their personalities 
C) external attributions; their circumstances 
D) external attributions; their personalities

Question 17

Suppose your friend plans to go on a strict diet while working on a high-stress project. What is the best advice that you could give her?

Accepted Answer

I would advise her to wait until her job

Question 18

Research on the planning fallacy indicates that we tend to ____ when making predictions about ourselves and we tend to ____ when making predictions about other people.

Accepted Answer

A) be overly optimistic; be overly optimistic also 
B) be overly optimistic; be realistic 
C) be overly optimistic; be overly pessimistic 
D) be realistic; be overly pessimistic 
A) be overly optimistic; be overly optimistic also 
B) be overly optimistic; be realistic 
C) be overly optimistic; be overly pessimistic 
D) be realistic; be overly pessimistic

Question 19

Carefully controlled research testing the idea that many people have a "fear of success," and therefore sabotage their careers, has shown that ____.

Accepted Answer

A) this is somewhat common among women, but uncommon among men 
B) this is somewhat common among men, but uncommon among women 
C) many people do this, though they typically do it unconsciously 
D) in reality, almost no one seems to do this 
A) this is somewhat common among women, but uncommon among men 
B) this is somewhat common among men, but uncommon among women 
C) many people do this, though they typically do it unconsciously 
D) in reality, almost no one seems to do this

Question 20

Research suggests that an attractive woman can induce a man to spend much of his money right away, even at considerable cost to his future financial circumstances. This best illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A) reactance 
B) temporal discounting 
C) the omission bias 
D) the status quo bias 
A) reactance 
B) temporal discounting 
C) the omission bias 
D) the status quo bias

Research suggests that goals are MOST helpful in facilitating achievement when they are ____.

Researchers offered people free popcorn at the movies. Some people were offered fresh popcorn, while others were offered stale popcorn. People ate more ____.

Which of the following statements about free will is true?

Johanna had a terrible car accident that left her a quadriplegic. She is very depressed and believes that she is overly dependent on others, which she does not want. Which factor best describes why Johanna might be at risk for suicide?

When humans rely on meaning to make choices, they are able to look at meaning ____.

The first "T" or "Test" in the acronym TOTE is a comparison of self against the ________________ .

Which of the following best describes the relationship between habits and goals?

The so-called Zeigarnik effect refers to the tendency for people ____.

Because attending college requires the ability to make immediate sacrifices for later rewards, it is sometimes thought of as a very long exercise in ____.

Research on proximal goals and distal goals suggests that MOST people ____.

Choosing the default option because it does not require you to do anything is known as ________________.

Suppose your friend plans to go on a strict diet while working on a high-stress project. What is the best advice that you could give her?

Research on the planning fallacy indicates that we tend to when making predictions about ourselves and we tend to when making predictions about other people.

Carefully controlled research testing the idea that many people have a "fear of success," and therefore sabotage their careers, has shown that ____.

Research suggests that an attractive woman can induce a man to spend much of his money right away, even at considerable cost to his future financial circumstances. This best illustrates _____.

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The-Self

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

Social Influence and Persuasion

Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others

Aggression Antisocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Application Module A: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior

Application Module B: Applying Social Psychology to Health

Application Module C: Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Application Module D: Applying Social Psychology to Law

Application Module E: Applying Social Psychology to the Environ

Filters

Exam 4: Choices and Actions: The Self in Control

Research suggests that goals are MOST helpful in facilitating achievement when they are ____.

Researchers offered people free popcorn at the movies. Some people were offered fresh popcorn, while others were offered stale popcorn. People ate more ____.

Which of the following statements about free will is true?

Johanna had a terrible car accident that left her a quadriplegic. She is very depressed and believes that she is overly dependent on others, which she does not want. Which factor best describes why Johanna might be at risk for suicide?

When humans rely on meaning to make choices, they are able to look at meaning ____.

The first "T" or "Test" in the acronym TOTE is a comparison of self against the ________________ .

Which of the following best describes the relationship between habits and goals?

The so-called Zeigarnik effect refers to the tendency for people ____.

Because attending college requires the ability to make immediate sacrifices for later rewards, it is sometimes thought of as a very long exercise in ____.

Research on proximal goals and distal goals suggests that MOST people ____.

Choosing the default option because it does not require you to do anything is known as ________________.

Suppose your friend plans to go on a strict diet while working on a high-stress project. What is the best advice that you could give her?

Research on the planning fallacy indicates that we tend to ____ when making predictions about ourselves and we tend to ____ when making predictions about other people.

Carefully controlled research testing the idea that many people have a "fear of success," and therefore sabotage their careers, has shown that ____.

Research suggests that an attractive woman can induce a man to spend much of his money right away, even at considerable cost to his future financial circumstances. This best illustrates _____.

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The-Self

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

Social Influence and Persuasion

Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others

Aggression Antisocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Application Module A: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior

Application Module B: Applying Social Psychology to Health

Application Module C: Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Application Module D: Applying Social Psychology to Law

Application Module E: Applying Social Psychology to the Environ

Filters

Research on the planning fallacy indicates that we tend to when making predictions about ourselves and we tend to when making predictions about other people.