Exam 5: Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

In an experiment, subjects were exposed to subliminally presented pictures paired with an electric shock. Researchers found that the subjects subsequently displayed signs of conditioned anxiety when the pictures were of

According to the _________ model of classical conditioning, a CS that has been repeatedly associated with the primary response (a-process) to a US will eventually come to elicit a compensatory response (b-process).

In the Watson and Rayner experiment with Little Albert, the rat was

According to the stimulus-substitution model of conditioning, the

Researchers have found that monkeys can develop fear reactions through observational learning when the feared object is a _____ event.

Dilbert has a mild fear of darkness. During exam days, he finds that he becomes particularly fearful of going out for walks at night. Dilbert's behavior is best described as an example of _____.

Developing an aversion to lettuce and tomato sandwiches after imagining finding a spider in such a sandwich illustrates the treatment procedure known as _____.

A common saying goes that if you fall off a horse, you should immediately get back on and keep riding until your fear has disappeared. This approach is similar to the therapeutic technique known as _________. Furthermore, getting back on immediately allows no opportunity for brief exposures to the feared stimulus, which could result in _________ of the conditioned fear response.

Research revealed that patients who received chemotherapy in a hospital setting subsequently experienced a(n) _____ immune response when they visited the hospital again but did not receive chemotherapy. In this example, the _____ would be the US.

Describe how US revaluation can affect the acquisition of a phobia.

People acquire a fear of snakes easily as opposed to a fear of birds. This is an example of the effect of _____. Certain people acquire a fear of snakes more easily than other people do. This is an example of the effect of _____.

In the "Little Albert" experiment, the loud noise is to the white rat as a _____ is to a _____.

According to the Rescorla-Wagner theory, the amount of conditioning that occurs:

Diagram the sequence of events that Pavlov suggested occurred on a neurological level during a classically conditioned response of salivation.

I cannot be both angry and happy at the same time, which means that a good joke can often defuse my anger about something. This is an example of _____.

The method of _____ involves pairing relaxation with a succession of stimuli that elicit increasing levels of fear.

In the context of phobic development, selective sensitization differs from US revaluation in that the event which intensifies an individual's fear response is

The treatment method known as _____ involves reducing the attractiveness of a desired event by associating it with an unpleasant stimulus.

The compensatory-response model of conditioning predicts that it will be easier for someone to quit smoking

Which of the following observations suggests that classical conditioning often underlies placebo effects?