Question 1

Matching has been observed in

Accepted Answer

A)  the foraging behavior of birds. 
B)  human social interaction. 
C)  basketball shots. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  the foraging behavior of birds. 
B)  human social interaction. 
C)  basketball shots. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 2

"Naomi has a lot of willpower. I know this because she is disciplined in getting her homework done." From a behavioral viewpoint, this explanation

Accepted Answer

A)  does not really explain anything. 
B)  is based on circular reasoning. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct. 
A)  does not really explain anything. 
B)  is based on circular reasoning. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 3

From a temporal perspective, lack of self-control arises from the fact that our behavior is more heavily influenced by _________ consequences as opposed to _________ consequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From a temporal perspective, lack of self-control...

Question 4

You always eat a full meal before going shopping so that you will not be tempted (out of hunger) to buy those chocolate cookies you are addicted to. From the perspective of self-control, Skinner would refer to the act of eating the meal as the _________ response and the subsequent decreased tendency to buy cookies as the _________ response.

Accepted Answer

controllin

Question 5

Greediness probably involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  matching 
B)  COD 
C)  overmatching 
D)  melioration 
A)  matching 
B)  COD 
C)  overmatching 
D)  melioration

Question 6

A commitment response is an action carried out at an early point in time that:

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminates or reduces the value of an upcoming temptation. 
B)  increases the value of a large later reward. 
C)  boosts a person's confidence. 
D)  reduces the value of a large later reward. 
A)  eliminates or reduces the value of an upcoming temptation. 
B)  increases the value of a large later reward. 
C)  boosts a person's confidence. 
D)  reduces the value of a large later reward.

Question 7

Griffin spends most of his time studying the course that he enjoys studying rather than the one he needs to study. This is consistent with _____ theory of matching.

Accepted Answer

A)  maximization 
B)  melioration 
C)  minimization 
D)  optimization 
A)  maximization 
B)  melioration 
C)  minimization 
D)  optimization

Question 8

Skinner's tactics for self-control include

Accepted Answer

A)  physical restraint. 
B)  satiating oneself. 
C)  depriving oneself. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  physical restraint. 
B)  satiating oneself. 
C)  depriving oneself. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 9

Factors that would likely increase impulsiveness include:

Accepted Answer

A)  being sleep deprived. 
B)  living in a noisy environment. 
C)  being too cold. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  being sleep deprived. 
B)  living in a noisy environment. 
C)  being too cold. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 10

Alexis grew up in a family that was fairly strict, and she had repeated experiences with having to "wait her turn" for toys, the bathroom, attention, and various other things. Trey grew up in a family where he was rather "spoiled" and got whatever he wanted when he asked for it. According to Herrnstein, _____ will be more likely to be _____ in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)  Alexis; impulsive 
B)  Trey; impulsive 
C)  Alexis; able to work toward LLRs 
D)  Both b and c are correct 
A)  Alexis; impulsive 
B)  Trey; impulsive 
C)  Alexis; able to work toward LLRs 
D)  Both b and c are correct

Question 11

In _____, the proportion of responses on the richer versus poorer schedules is _____ different than would be predicted by matching.

Accepted Answer

A)  overmatching; less 
B)  undermatching; more 
C)  undermatching; less 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  overmatching; less 
B)  undermatching; more 
C)  undermatching; less 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 12

According to Vollmer and Bourret (2000), the proportion of two- versus three-point shots attempted by skilled basketball players is _____ the proportion of points obtained from such shots.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than 
B)  less than 
C)  approximately equal to 
D)  unrelated to 
A)  greater than 
B)  less than 
C)  approximately equal to 
D)  unrelated to

Question 13

Outline research evidence indicating that matching plays a role in social interaction.

Accepted Answer

Research evidence suggests that matching

Question 14

A changeover delay is the experimental equivalent of the time it takes for an animal

Accepted Answer

A)  to travel between two patches of food. 
B)  to eat a meal. 
C)  to again feel hungry following a meal. 
D)  to establish a new steady-state pattern of behavior. 
A)  to travel between two patches of food. 
B)  to eat a meal. 
C)  to again feel hungry following a meal. 
D)  to establish a new steady-state pattern of behavior.

Question 15

According to _________ theory, the distribution of behavior in a choice situation shifts toward those alternatives that have _________ value regardless of the effect on the overall amount of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to _________ theory, the distribution of...

Question 16

The small-but-cumulative effects model points out that we are always confronted with temptation. According to this model, it is important to establish _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a relapse prevention plan 
B)  rules that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct. 
A)  a relapse prevention plan 
B)  rules that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 17

The matching law predicts that 86% of responses should be emitted on the VI 10-sec alternative and 14% on the VI 60-sec alternative. In reality, a pigeon emits 75% on the VI 10-sec alternative and 25% on the VI 60-sec alternative. This appears to be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  bias. 
B)  undermatching. 
C)  overmatching. 
D)  optimization. 
A)  bias. 
B)  undermatching. 
C)  overmatching. 
D)  optimization.

Question 18

On a concurrent schedule, one alternative attracts a higher proportion of responses than would be predicted by matching, regardless of whether the associated schedule is the richer or the poorer schedule. This is an indication of

Accepted Answer

A)  overmatching. 
B)  undermatching. 
C)  bias. 
D)  a short COD. 
A)  overmatching. 
B)  undermatching. 
C)  bias. 
D)  a short COD.

Question 19

A _____ schedule of reinforcement consists of the simultaneous presentation of two or more independent schedules, each of which leads to a reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple 
B)  chained 
C)  concurrent 
D)  mixed 
A)  multiple 
B)  chained 
C)  concurrent 
D)  mixed

Question 20

If Jay gets 20% of his positive feedback from Francine and 80% of his positive feedback from Delores, the matching law predicts that he will choose to spend _____ of his time with Delores.

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  60% 
C)  80% 
D)  more than 80% 
A)  20% 
B)  60% 
C)  80% 
D)  more than 80%

Matching has been observed in

"Naomi has a lot of willpower. I know this because she is disciplined in getting her homework done." From a behavioral viewpoint, this explanation

From a temporal perspective, lack of self-control arises from the fact that our behavior is more heavily influenced by _ consequences as opposed to _ consequences.

Greediness probably involves _____.

A commitment response is an action carried out at an early point in time that:

Griffin spends most of his time studying the course that he enjoys studying rather than the one he needs to study. This is consistent with _____ theory of matching.

Skinner's tactics for self-control include

Factors that would likely increase impulsiveness include:

In _, the proportion of responses on the richer versus poorer schedules is _ different than would be predicted by matching.

According to Vollmer and Bourret (2000), the proportion of two- versus three-point shots attempted by skilled basketball players is _____ the proportion of points obtained from such shots.

Outline research evidence indicating that matching plays a role in social interaction.

A changeover delay is the experimental equivalent of the time it takes for an animal

According to _ theory, the distribution of behavior in a choice situation shifts toward those alternatives that have _ value regardless of the effect on the overall amount of reinforcement.

The small-but-cumulative effects model points out that we are always confronted with temptation. According to this model, it is important to establish _____.

The matching law predicts that 86% of responses should be emitted on the VI 10-sec alternative and 14% on the VI 60-sec alternative. In reality, a pigeon emits 75% on the VI 10-sec alternative and 25% on the VI 60-sec alternative. This appears to be an example of

On a concurrent schedule, one alternative attracts a higher proportion of responses than would be predicted by matching, regardless of whether the associated schedule is the richer or the poorer schedule. This is an indication of

A _____ schedule of reinforcement consists of the simultaneous presentation of two or more independent schedules, each of which leads to a reinforcer.

If Jay gets 20% of his positive feedback from Francine and 80% of his positive feedback from Delores, the matching law predicts that he will choose to spend _____ of his time with Delores.

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Exam 10: Choice Matching and Self Control

Matching has been observed in

"Naomi has a lot of willpower. I know this because she is disciplined in getting her homework done." From a behavioral viewpoint, this explanation

From a temporal perspective, lack of self-control arises from the fact that our behavior is more heavily influenced by _________ consequences as opposed to _________ consequences.

Greediness probably involves _____.

A commitment response is an action carried out at an early point in time that:

Griffin spends most of his time studying the course that he enjoys studying rather than the one he needs to study. This is consistent with _____ theory of matching.

Skinner's tactics for self-control include

Factors that would likely increase impulsiveness include:

In _____, the proportion of responses on the richer versus poorer schedules is _____ different than would be predicted by matching.

According to Vollmer and Bourret (2000), the proportion of two- versus three-point shots attempted by skilled basketball players is _____ the proportion of points obtained from such shots.

Outline research evidence indicating that matching plays a role in social interaction.

A changeover delay is the experimental equivalent of the time it takes for an animal

According to _________ theory, the distribution of behavior in a choice situation shifts toward those alternatives that have _________ value regardless of the effect on the overall amount of reinforcement.

The small-but-cumulative effects model points out that we are always confronted with temptation. According to this model, it is important to establish _____.

The matching law predicts that 86% of responses should be emitted on the VI 10-sec alternative and 14% on the VI 60-sec alternative. In reality, a pigeon emits 75% on the VI 10-sec alternative and 25% on the VI 60-sec alternative. This appears to be an example of

On a concurrent schedule, one alternative attracts a higher proportion of responses than would be predicted by matching, regardless of whether the associated schedule is the richer or the poorer schedule. This is an indication of

A _____ schedule of reinforcement consists of the simultaneous presentation of two or more independent schedules, each of which leads to a reinforcer.

If Jay gets 20% of his positive feedback from Francine and 80% of his positive feedback from Delores, the matching law predicts that he will choose to spend _____ of his time with Delores.

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

From a temporal perspective, lack of self-control arises from the fact that our behavior is more heavily influenced by _ consequences as opposed to _ consequences.

In _, the proportion of responses on the richer versus poorer schedules is _ different than would be predicted by matching.

According to _ theory, the distribution of behavior in a choice situation shifts toward those alternatives that have _ value regardless of the effect on the overall amount of reinforcement.