Question 1

On a concurrent VR 200 VR 100 schedule, what percentage of responses would most likely be emitted toward the VR 200 schedule by an experienced pigeon?

Accepted Answer

A)  100% 
B)  66% 
C)  33% 
D)  0% 
A)  100% 
B)  66% 
C)  33% 
D)  0%

Question 2

The Ainslie-Rachlin model is based on the assumption that the value of a reward (decreases/increases) _________ more and more rapidly as attainment of the reward _________.

Accepted Answer

increases;

Question 3

Self-reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A)  is almost never effective in the real world. 
B)  does seem to be effective for at least some people. 
C)  is more effective for males than females. 
D)  is more effective for females than males. 
A)  is almost never effective in the real world. 
B)  does seem to be effective for at least some people. 
C)  is more effective for males than females. 
D)  is more effective for females than males.

Question 4

Problems with using self-punishment to control your own behavior include that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is nothing to stop you from short-circuiting the contingency. 
B)  self-punishment punishes not only the behavior but also the act of carrying through on your promise to punish yourself. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct. 
A)  there is nothing to stop you from short-circuiting the contingency. 
B)  self-punishment punishes not only the behavior but also the act of carrying through on your promise to punish yourself. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 5

Describe the major difficulty with the use of self-reinforcement and self-punishment.

Accepted Answer

The major difficulty with the use of sel

Question 6

As Sal and his wife converse with the neighbor one day, Sal is three times more responsive to the neighbor's comments than his wife is. The neighbor, however, looks at Sal's wife about as often as he looks at Sal. During the next day's conversation, Sal's wife is three times more responsive to the neighbor's comments than Sal is. This time the neighbor looks at Sal's wife five times as often as he looks at Sal. This appears to be an example of the deviation from matching known as ________, which also suggests that the neighbor finds Sal's wife attractive or interesting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As Sal and his wife converse with...

Question 7

Carolyn tells her brother that he can borrow her car for the entire weekend if she does not put in three hours of studying that evening. Carolyn's promise is an example of a _____ response that is more likely to have been made _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  deprivation; at the start of the evening 
B)  commitment; at the start of the evening 
C)  deprivation; that morning 
D)  commitment; that morning 
A)  deprivation; at the start of the evening 
B)  commitment; at the start of the evening 
C)  deprivation; that morning 
D)  commitment; that morning

Question 8

Skinner's tactics for self-control include

Accepted Answer

A)  self-punishment. 
B)  doing something else. 
C)  self-reinforcement. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  self-punishment. 
B)  doing something else. 
C)  self-reinforcement. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 9

The reinforcers for exhibiting an impulsive behavior are more _____ than for exhibiting self-control.

Accepted Answer

A)  immediate 
B)  negative 
C)  uncertain 
D)  delayed 
A)  immediate 
B)  negative 
C)  uncertain 
D)  delayed

Question 10

A fox with a sore leg would likely show _____ when distributing its time between various patches of food.

Accepted Answer

A)  matching 
B)  undermatching 
C)  overmatching 
D)  bias 
A)  matching 
B)  undermatching 
C)  overmatching 
D)  bias

Question 11

Janice found that after focusing for a long time on her assignment, she was unable to resist eating a chocolate bar and she just could not force herself to go for her usual evening run. Which of the following models predicts this loss of "willpower"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Ainslie-Rachlin model 
B)  The ego-depletion model 
C)  The compensatory response model 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  The Ainslie-Rachlin model 
B)  The ego-depletion model 
C)  The compensatory response model 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 12

Describe the small-but-cumulative effects model of self-control and impulsiveness. Explain how this accounts for the difficulty people often have in following an exercise program.

Accepted Answer

The small-but-cumulative effects model o

Question 13

According to the matching law, on a concurrent VI 20-sec VI 30-sec schedule of reinforcement, _____ of responses will be emitted on the VI 20-sec alternative.

Accepted Answer

A)  66.7% 
B)  40% 
C)  33.3% 
D)  60% 
A)  66.7% 
B)  40% 
C)  33.3% 
D)  60%

Question 14

As soon as Mario retired, he moved to Florida and went for walks on the beach every day. Unfortunately, although going for walks was still his most enjoyable activity, it was less enjoyable than it used to be. This appears to be an example of how the tendency to _________ can result in long-term _________.

Accepted Answer

meliorate;

Question 15

Vollmer and Bourret's (2000) discovery that the proportion of two- versus three-point shots attempted by basketball players matches the proportion of points obtained from such shots suggests that shot-making in basketball is to some extent reinforced on a _____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  FR 
B)  VI 
C)  VT 
D)  DRH 
A)  FR 
B)  VI 
C)  VT 
D)  DRH

Question 16

On a concurrent VR 50 VR 100 schedule of reinforcement, a pigeon would likely (once it has enough experience)

Accepted Answer

A)  show exclusive preference for the VR 100 alternative. 
B)  show exclusive preference for the VR 50 alternative. 
C)  respond twice as much on the VR 50 alternative as the VR 100. 
D)  respond twice as much on the VR 100 alternative as the VR 50. 
A)  show exclusive preference for the VR 100 alternative. 
B)  show exclusive preference for the VR 50 alternative. 
C)  respond twice as much on the VR 50 alternative as the VR 100. 
D)  respond twice as much on the VR 100 alternative as the VR 50.

Question 17

If you ask a student to choose between getting an A at the end of a course or getting a D and a beer at the end of the course, most students would choose the former. If you ask students to choose between studying right now or going to a bar right now, however, many will choose the latter. According to the _____ model, this can be explained by the _____ value of a small reward when it is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ainslie -Rachlin; increasing; far away 
B)  Ainslie -Rachlin; increasing; imminent 
C)  controlled-response; decreasing; far away 
D)  controlled-response; increasing; imminent 
A)  Ainslie -Rachlin; increasing; far away 
B)  Ainslie -Rachlin; increasing; imminent 
C)  controlled-response; decreasing; far away 
D)  controlled-response; increasing; imminent

Question 18

Young children who used appropriate strategies to manage a delay-of-gratification task are more likely in later life to display:

Accepted Answer

A)  repressed emotions. 
B)  depression. 
C)  greater social and cognitive competence. 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  repressed emotions. 
B)  depression. 
C)  greater social and cognitive competence. 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 19

Dennis decides to cut down on smoking by delivering a punisher to himself in the form of performing 20 pushups for every cigarette smoked. The major problem with this tactic is that Dennis

Accepted Answer

A)  will probably become even more addicted to smoking. 
B)  can still smoke and not do the pushups. 
C)  is likely to become addicted to pushups. 
D)  will probably still smoke without doing the pushups. 
A)  will probably become even more addicted to smoking. 
B)  can still smoke and not do the pushups. 
C)  is likely to become addicted to pushups. 
D)  will probably still smoke without doing the pushups.

Question 20

Using an equation, show what the matching law predicts concerning the distribution of behavior displayed on a concurrent VI 10-sec VI 30-sec schedule of reinforcement. (Hint: What is the expected distribution of reinforcers on this schedule?)

Accepted Answer

The matching law predicts that the distr

On a concurrent VR 200 VR 100 schedule, what percentage of responses would most likely be emitted toward the VR 200 schedule by an experienced pigeon?

The Ainslie-Rachlin model is based on the assumption that the value of a reward (decreases/increases) _ more and more rapidly as attainment of the reward _.

Self-reinforcement:

Problems with using self-punishment to control your own behavior include that

Describe the major difficulty with the use of self-reinforcement and self-punishment.

Carolyn tells her brother that he can borrow her car for the entire weekend if she does not put in three hours of studying that evening. Carolyn's promise is an example of a _ response that is more likely to have been made _.

Skinner's tactics for self-control include

The reinforcers for exhibiting an impulsive behavior are more _____ than for exhibiting self-control.

A fox with a sore leg would likely show _____ when distributing its time between various patches of food.

Janice found that after focusing for a long time on her assignment, she was unable to resist eating a chocolate bar and she just could not force herself to go for her usual evening run. Which of the following models predicts this loss of "willpower"?

Describe the small-but-cumulative effects model of self-control and impulsiveness. Explain how this accounts for the difficulty people often have in following an exercise program.

According to the matching law, on a concurrent VI 20-sec VI 30-sec schedule of reinforcement, _____ of responses will be emitted on the VI 20-sec alternative.

As soon as Mario retired, he moved to Florida and went for walks on the beach every day. Unfortunately, although going for walks was still his most enjoyable activity, it was less enjoyable than it used to be. This appears to be an example of how the tendency to _ can result in long-term _.

Vollmer and Bourret's (2000) discovery that the proportion of two- versus three-point shots attempted by basketball players matches the proportion of points obtained from such shots suggests that shot-making in basketball is to some extent reinforced on a _____ schedule.

On a concurrent VR 50 VR 100 schedule of reinforcement, a pigeon would likely (once it has enough experience)

Young children who used appropriate strategies to manage a delay-of-gratification task are more likely in later life to display:

Dennis decides to cut down on smoking by delivering a punisher to himself in the form of performing 20 pushups for every cigarette smoked. The major problem with this tactic is that Dennis

Using an equation, show what the matching law predicts concerning the distribution of behavior displayed on a concurrent VI 10-sec VI 30-sec schedule of reinforcement. (Hint: What is the expected distribution of reinforcers on this schedule?)

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Exam 10: Choice Matching and Self Control

On a concurrent VR 200 VR 100 schedule, what percentage of responses would most likely be emitted toward the VR 200 schedule by an experienced pigeon?

The Ainslie-Rachlin model is based on the assumption that the value of a reward (decreases/increases) _________ more and more rapidly as attainment of the reward _________.

Self-reinforcement:

Problems with using self-punishment to control your own behavior include that

Describe the major difficulty with the use of self-reinforcement and self-punishment.

Carolyn tells her brother that he can borrow her car for the entire weekend if she does not put in three hours of studying that evening. Carolyn's promise is an example of a _____ response that is more likely to have been made _____.

Skinner's tactics for self-control include

The reinforcers for exhibiting an impulsive behavior are more _____ than for exhibiting self-control.

A fox with a sore leg would likely show _____ when distributing its time between various patches of food.

Janice found that after focusing for a long time on her assignment, she was unable to resist eating a chocolate bar and she just could not force herself to go for her usual evening run. Which of the following models predicts this loss of "willpower"?

Describe the small-but-cumulative effects model of self-control and impulsiveness. Explain how this accounts for the difficulty people often have in following an exercise program.

According to the matching law, on a concurrent VI 20-sec VI 30-sec schedule of reinforcement, _____ of responses will be emitted on the VI 20-sec alternative.

Vollmer and Bourret's (2000) discovery that the proportion of two- versus three-point shots attempted by basketball players matches the proportion of points obtained from such shots suggests that shot-making in basketball is to some extent reinforced on a _____ schedule.

On a concurrent VR 50 VR 100 schedule of reinforcement, a pigeon would likely (once it has enough experience)

Young children who used appropriate strategies to manage a delay-of-gratification task are more likely in later life to display:

Dennis decides to cut down on smoking by delivering a punisher to himself in the form of performing 20 pushups for every cigarette smoked. The major problem with this tactic is that Dennis

Using an equation, show what the matching law predicts concerning the distribution of behavior displayed on a concurrent VI 10-sec VI 30-sec schedule of reinforcement. (Hint: What is the expected distribution of reinforcers on this schedule?)

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

The Ainslie-Rachlin model is based on the assumption that the value of a reward (decreases/increases) _ more and more rapidly as attainment of the reward _.

Carolyn tells her brother that he can borrow her car for the entire weekend if she does not put in three hours of studying that evening. Carolyn's promise is an example of a _ response that is more likely to have been made _.