Question 1

Kent makes a promise to himself to go running each morning. His promise would most likely function as a commitment response if he:

Accepted Answer

A)  has low self-esteem. 
B)  usually displays a strong level of say-do correspondence. 
C)  fails to make up his mind to go running. 
D)  finally realizes the importance of exercise. 
A)  has low self-esteem. 
B)  usually displays a strong level of say-do correspondence. 
C)  fails to make up his mind to go running. 
D)  finally realizes the importance of exercise.

Question 2

How is the strength of say-do correspondence related to the concept of willpower?

Accepted Answer

The strength of say-do correspondence is

Question 3

Children who are raised by parents who drink heavily are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  find alcohol aversive, due to poor environmental outcomes. 
B)  enjoy the smell of alcohol. 
C)  be vulnerable to genetic predisposition toward alcoholism. 
D)  be mentally retarded. 
A)  find alcohol aversive, due to poor environmental outcomes. 
B)  enjoy the smell of alcohol. 
C)  be vulnerable to genetic predisposition toward alcoholism. 
D)  be mentally retarded.

Question 4

According to the study conducted by Eron and his colleagues, exposure to violent media in childhood is significantly _________ with violent and criminal behavior in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the study conducted by Eron...

Question 5

Patrick's therapist is encouraging him to recognize that he has a lot of anxiety and that he should not try to fight it. Instead, he should just deal with his life as it is and figure out how to live his life regardless of his symptoms. Which of the following therapies does this scenario illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systematic desensitization 
B)  Flooding 
C)  Acceptance and Commitment Therapy 
D)  Differential reinforcement of other behavior 
A)  Systematic desensitization 
B)  Flooding 
C)  Acceptance and Commitment Therapy 
D)  Differential reinforcement of other behavior

Question 6

Contagious behavior is associated with behaviors such as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fear responses 
B)  yawning 
C)  orienting responses 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  fear responses 
B)  yawning 
C)  orienting responses 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 7

Compared to contingency-shaped behavior, rule-governed behavior is sometimes:

Accepted Answer

A)  more difficult to acquire. 
B)  more sensitive to the actual contingencies operating in a particular setting. 
C)  less sensitive to the actual contingencies operating in a particular setting. 
D)  more easily extinguished. 
A)  more difficult to acquire. 
B)  more sensitive to the actual contingencies operating in a particular setting. 
C)  less sensitive to the actual contingencies operating in a particular setting. 
D)  more easily extinguished.

Question 8

Say-do correspondence occurs when there is a close match between what we _____ and what we _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  actually do; later say we are going to do 
B)  say we are going to do; actually do later 
C)  actually do; later say that we did 
D)  say that we did; actually did 
A)  actually do; later say we are going to do 
B)  say we are going to do; actually do later 
C)  actually do; later say that we did 
D)  say that we did; actually did

Question 9

Define vicarious emotional responses. Diagram the conditioning process by which a smile can become a conditioned stimulus for pleasant emotions.

Accepted Answer

Vicarious emotional responses refer to e

Question 10

We are more likely to attend to a model if:

Accepted Answer

A)  we are reinforced for paying attention. 
B)  the model's behavior is reinforced. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct. 
A)  we are reinforced for paying attention. 
B)  the model's behavior is reinforced. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 11

What is a personal process rule (or implementation intention)? Why are personal process rules particularly effective?

Accepted Answer

A personal process rule, also known as a

Question 12

Some researchers have argued that teaching is _____ and that the evidence about animal teaching is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  common among most species of animals; well-documented 
B)  uniquely human; often anecdotal and subject to anthropomorphism 
C)  uniquely human; impossible to document 
D)  common among all primates; available only from laboratory studies 
A)  common among most species of animals; well-documented 
B)  uniquely human; often anecdotal and subject to anthropomorphism 
C)  uniquely human; impossible to document 
D)  common among all primates; available only from laboratory studies

Question 13

In _____, information is gained from watching a model, which then allows the person who is watching to modify his or her own behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination training 
B)  sign-tracking 
C)  imprinting 
D)  observational learning 
A)  discrimination training 
B)  sign-tracking 
C)  imprinting 
D)  observational learning

Question 14

Some behaviors in animals that appear to indicate imitation may instead be the result of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  imprinting 
B)  cognitive evaluation 
C)  response duplication 
D)  stimulus enhancement 
A)  imprinting 
B)  cognitive evaluation 
C)  response duplication 
D)  stimulus enhancement

Question 15

What is generalized imitation, and how is it used in applied behavior analysis?

Accepted Answer

Generalized imitation is a term used in

Question 16

Romanes (1884), Morgan (1900), and Thorndike (1911) debated whether animals are capable of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning 
B)  vicarious conditioning 
C)  true imitation 
D)  making communicative gestures 
A)  observational learning 
B)  vicarious conditioning 
C)  true imitation 
D)  making communicative gestures

Question 17

A(n) _____ is a verbal description of a contingency that we present to ourselves to influence our behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  belief 
B)  personal rule 
C)  attitude 
D)  norm 
A)  belief 
B)  personal rule 
C)  attitude 
D)  norm

Question 18

Observational learning, or social learning, allows us to acquire new behavior patterns:

Accepted Answer

A)  without direct exposure to the contingencies that control them. 
B)  through direct exposure to the contingencies that control them. 
C)  through exposure to positive but not negative consequences. 
D)  through exposure to negative but not positive consequences. 
A)  without direct exposure to the contingencies that control them. 
B)  through direct exposure to the contingencies that control them. 
C)  through exposure to positive but not negative consequences. 
D)  through exposure to negative but not positive consequences.

Question 19

The statement "If you speak clearly, it will be much easier to obtain a job as a receptionist" is an example of a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  rule 
B)  instruction 
C)  say-do correspondence 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  rule 
B)  instruction 
C)  say-do correspondence 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 20

Define observational learning and give an example. Differentiate between a model and an observer in the example.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning, also known as so

Kent makes a promise to himself to go running each morning. His promise would most likely function as a commitment response if he:

How is the strength of say-do correspondence related to the concept of willpower?

Children who are raised by parents who drink heavily are most likely to:

According to the study conducted by Eron and his colleagues, exposure to violent media in childhood is significantly _________ with violent and criminal behavior in adulthood.

Patrick's therapist is encouraging him to recognize that he has a lot of anxiety and that he should not try to fight it. Instead, he should just deal with his life as it is and figure out how to live his life regardless of his symptoms. Which of the following therapies does this scenario illustrate?

Contagious behavior is associated with behaviors such as _____.

Compared to contingency-shaped behavior, rule-governed behavior is sometimes:

Say-do correspondence occurs when there is a close match between what we _ and what we _.

Define vicarious emotional responses. Diagram the conditioning process by which a smile can become a conditioned stimulus for pleasant emotions.

We are more likely to attend to a model if:

What is a personal process rule (or implementation intention)? Why are personal process rules particularly effective?

Some researchers have argued that teaching is _ and that the evidence about animal teaching is _.

In _____, information is gained from watching a model, which then allows the person who is watching to modify his or her own behavior.

Some behaviors in animals that appear to indicate imitation may instead be the result of _____.

What is generalized imitation, and how is it used in applied behavior analysis?

Romanes (1884), Morgan (1900), and Thorndike (1911) debated whether animals are capable of _____.

A(n) _____ is a verbal description of a contingency that we present to ourselves to influence our behavior.

Observational learning, or social learning, allows us to acquire new behavior patterns:

The statement "If you speak clearly, it will be much easier to obtain a job as a receptionist" is an example of a(n) _____.

Define observational learning and give an example. Differentiate between a model and an observer in the example.

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Exam 11: Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Kent makes a promise to himself to go running each morning. His promise would most likely function as a commitment response if he:

How is the strength of say-do correspondence related to the concept of willpower?

Children who are raised by parents who drink heavily are most likely to:

According to the study conducted by Eron and his colleagues, exposure to violent media in childhood is significantly _________ with violent and criminal behavior in adulthood.

Contagious behavior is associated with behaviors such as _____.

Compared to contingency-shaped behavior, rule-governed behavior is sometimes:

Say-do correspondence occurs when there is a close match between what we _____ and what we _____.

Define vicarious emotional responses. Diagram the conditioning process by which a smile can become a conditioned stimulus for pleasant emotions.

We are more likely to attend to a model if:

What is a personal process rule (or implementation intention)? Why are personal process rules particularly effective?

Some researchers have argued that teaching is _____ and that the evidence about animal teaching is _____.

In _____, information is gained from watching a model, which then allows the person who is watching to modify his or her own behavior.

Some behaviors in animals that appear to indicate imitation may instead be the result of _____.

What is generalized imitation, and how is it used in applied behavior analysis?

Romanes (1884), Morgan (1900), and Thorndike (1911) debated whether animals are capable of _____.

A(n) _____ is a verbal description of a contingency that we present to ourselves to influence our behavior.

Observational learning, or social learning, allows us to acquire new behavior patterns:

The statement "If you speak clearly, it will be much easier to obtain a job as a receptionist" is an example of a(n) _____.

Define observational learning and give an example. Differentiate between a model and an observer in the example.

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Say-do correspondence occurs when there is a close match between what we _ and what we _.

Some researchers have argued that teaching is _ and that the evidence about animal teaching is _.