Question 1

Which of the following best describes insulin's structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotide 
B)  peptide 
C)  mineral 
D)  carbohydrate 
E)  steroid 
A)  nucleotide 
B)  peptide 
C)  mineral 
D)  carbohydrate 
E)  steroid

Question 2

Which of the following would stimulate cancer cell growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  lowering insulin levels 
B)  lowering glucose levels 
C)  increasing insulin and glucose in the medium 
D)  none of these 
A)  lowering insulin levels 
B)  lowering glucose levels 
C)  increasing insulin and glucose in the medium 
D)  none of these

Question 3

Intracellular second messengers include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+ 
B)  DAG 
C)  cATP 
D)  nitric oxide (NO) 
A)  Ca2+ 
B)  DAG 
C)  cATP 
D)  nitric oxide (NO)

Question 4

Epinephrine is an example of a hormone which uses calcium ion as a key part of its intracellular effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The G protein

Accepted Answer

A)  is a tetramer 
B)  is inactivated by cholera toxin 
C)  mediates the production of second messenger 
D)  is a hexameric complex in the cytosol 
A)  is a tetramer 
B)  is inactivated by cholera toxin 
C)  mediates the production of second messenger 
D)  is a hexameric complex in the cytosol

Question 6

Which of the following is not a potential mechanism to activate protein kinases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyclic AMP binding to regulatory subunits on the protein kinase. 
B)  Binding of a calcium complex to the protein kinase. 
C)  Binding of inositol phosphate to the protein kinase. 
D)  All three of these mechanisms activate protein kinase. 
A)  Cyclic AMP binding to regulatory subunits on the protein kinase. 
B)  Binding of a calcium complex to the protein kinase. 
C)  Binding of inositol phosphate to the protein kinase. 
D)  All three of these mechanisms activate protein kinase.

Question 7

Dietary supplements are sometimes indicated for which of the following minerals?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  chloride 
C)  potassium 
D)  sodium 
A)  calcium 
B)  chloride 
C)  potassium 
D)  sodium

Question 8

Which of the following statements is not a characteristic of aerobic catabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular oxygen is the final electron acceptor 
B)  the oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways ultimately yields CO2 and H2O 
C)  pyruvate and acetyl-CoA are major metabolic intermediates 
D)  roughly equal quantities of energy are produced in each of the three stages of aerobic catabolism, namely glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  molecular oxygen is the final electron acceptor 
B)  the oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways ultimately yields CO2 and H2O 
C)  pyruvate and acetyl-CoA are major metabolic intermediates 
D)  roughly equal quantities of energy are produced in each of the three stages of aerobic catabolism, namely glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 9

Which of the following is true about sleep deprivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes people to lose weight due to increased metabolic activity 
B)  It has no deleterious effects in the long term 
C)  It has been correlated with reduced insulin efficiency 
D)  It causes blood glucose levels to drop 
E)  none of these 
A)  It causes people to lose weight due to increased metabolic activity 
B)  It has no deleterious effects in the long term 
C)  It has been correlated with reduced insulin efficiency 
D)  It causes blood glucose levels to drop 
E)  none of these

Question 10

What function do vitamins usually serve?

Accepted Answer

A)  coenzymes or precursors of coenzymes 
B)  intermediates of the TCA cycle 
C)  precursors of amino acids 
D)  hormones or second messengers 
A)  coenzymes or precursors of coenzymes 
B)  intermediates of the TCA cycle 
C)  precursors of amino acids 
D)  hormones or second messengers

Question 11

Which of the following is not a strategy for the regulation of metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  competing pathways are located in the same organelle 
B)  allosteric enzymes 
C)  feedback inhibition 
D)  covalent modification of enzymes 
E)  all of these are strategies 
A)  competing pathways are located in the same organelle 
B)  allosteric enzymes 
C)  feedback inhibition 
D)  covalent modification of enzymes 
E)  all of these are strategies

Question 12

Which of the following fats are linked with high cholesterol and heart disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  saturated fats 
B)  monounsaturated fats 
C)  polyunsaturated fats 
D)  all fats, regardless of saturation 
A)  saturated fats 
B)  monounsaturated fats 
C)  polyunsaturated fats 
D)  all fats, regardless of saturation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes protein kinases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein kinases act by transferring a phosphate from a protein to ADP to make ATP. 
B)  Protein kinases act by transfering a phosphate from a donor molecule, like ATP, to a protein molecule, thereby changing its activity 
C)  Protein kinases phosphorylate enzymes and activate them 
D)  Protein kinases phosphorylate key tyrosine residues on receptors 
A)  Protein kinases act by transferring a phosphate from a protein to ADP to make ATP. 
B)  Protein kinases act by transfering a phosphate from a donor molecule, like ATP, to a protein molecule, thereby changing its activity 
C)  Protein kinases phosphorylate enzymes and activate them 
D)  Protein kinases phosphorylate key tyrosine residues on receptors

Question 14

Which of the following is not true concerning leptin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a hormone related to obesity 
B)  It stimulates acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
C)  It stimulates fatty acid oxidation 
D)  It is produced by the ob gene 
E)  all of these are true 
A)  It is a hormone related to obesity 
B)  It stimulates acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
C)  It stimulates fatty acid oxidation 
D)  It is produced by the ob gene 
E)  all of these are true

Question 15

​ When using leptin to control obesity, reduction in the activity of the _____  enzyme leads to a decrease in malonyl-CoA levels and oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
B)  D-xylulose reductase 
C)  pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D)  monoamine oxidase 
A)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
B)  D-xylulose reductase 
C)  pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D)  monoamine oxidase

Question 16

Insulin affects which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  GLUT 4 transporter 
B)  Pyruvate dehydrogenase 
C)  Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
D)  Glycogen synthase 
E)  Glycogen synthase and Glycogen phosphorylase
F) all of these 
A)  GLUT 4 transporter 
B)  Pyruvate dehydrogenase 
C)  Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
D)  Glycogen synthase 
E)  Glycogen synthase and Glycogen phosphorylase
F) all of these

Question 17

Which of the following is not a characteristic of catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP is generated by catabolism 
B)  reducing equivalents are most often released in the form of hydrogen atoms 
C)  NAD+ is one of the major electron carriers in catabolic reactions 
D)  NADH produced in catabolic reactions is reoxidized to NAD+ in the mitochondria 
A)  ATP is generated by catabolism 
B)  reducing equivalents are most often released in the form of hydrogen atoms 
C)  NAD+ is one of the major electron carriers in catabolic reactions 
D)  NADH produced in catabolic reactions is reoxidized to NAD+ in the mitochondria

Question 18

Proteins are always being degraded, so there is a constant need for quality protein in order to maintain the body's structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is not a role for hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  maintenance of homeostasis 
B)  mediation of responses to external stimuli 
C)  growth and development 
D)  antioxidants 
A)  maintenance of homeostasis 
B)  mediation of responses to external stimuli 
C)  growth and development 
D)  antioxidants

Question 20

Which of the following is a lipid soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A)  biotin 
B)  niacin 
C)  folic acid 
D)  vitamin C 
E)  vitamin E 
A)  biotin 
B)  niacin 
C)  folic acid 
D)  vitamin C 
E)  vitamin E

Exam 24: Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

Which of the following best describes insulin's structure?

Which of the following would stimulate cancer cell growth?

Intracellular second messengers include all of the following except

Epinephrine is an example of a hormone which uses calcium ion as a key part of its intracellular effect.

The G protein

Which of the following is not a potential mechanism to activate protein kinases?

Dietary supplements are sometimes indicated for which of the following minerals?

Which of the following statements is not a characteristic of aerobic catabolism?

Which of the following is true about sleep deprivation?

What function do vitamins usually serve?

Which of the following is not a strategy for the regulation of metabolic pathways?

Which of the following fats are linked with high cholesterol and heart disease?

Which of the following best describes protein kinases?

Which of the following is not true concerning leptin?

​ When using leptin to control obesity, reduction in the activity of the _____ enzyme leads to a decrease in malonyl-CoA levels and oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria.

Insulin affects which of the following?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of catabolic pathways?

Proteins are always being degraded, so there is a constant need for quality protein in order to maintain the body's structures.

Which of the following is not a role for hormones?

Which of the following is a lipid soluble vitamin?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses Cancer and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Filters

When using leptin to control obesity, reduction in the activity of the _____ enzyme leads to a decrease in malonyl-CoA levels and oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria.