Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

Which scientist proposed the notion of embodied attitudes?

With ____, people rationalize their behavior so as to bring their attitudes into line with their actions.

In the process of classical conditioning, a(n)____.

Deepa has finally decided where to attend graduate school-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. After she has informed all the schools of her final decision, she begins to question her choice. However, she immediately focuses on all the reasons Illinois was the best choice for her, and better than her other options by far. This reassures her and makes her happy again. Deepa's feeling of uncertainty and subsequent motivation to justify her choice is an example of ____.

Kelly's first pregnancy was a disaster by most people's standards. Her water broke 24 weeks into the pregnancy, she delivered the baby 15 weeks premature, and he survived but with multiple physical and behavioral health problems that take enormous resources to tackle. Yet every time Kelly takes the baby to the doctor, she notices other families with worse situations--children with terminal illnesses or more profound disabilities. Kelly is using ____ to cope with her baby's complications.

Research on gender differences in sex-related attitudes and behaviors indicates that men show relatively more attitude-behavior consistency when it comes to ____.

In general, beliefs are used for ____.

In one well-known study that was conducted during an era of anti-Chinese prejudice (LaPiere, 1934), a researcher drove across the U.S. with a Chinese couple, stopping at dozens of restaurants, hotels, auto camps, and tourist homes. He was interested in attitude-behavior consistency. Specifically, he was interested in knowing the percentage of establishments that would serve the couple, as well as the percentage of establishments that would say that they would serve the couple when contacted later. What did he find?

Social psychologists use the term ________________ attitudes to refer to the fact that people have two types of attitudes-automatic attitudes and deliberate attitudes-that are not always consistent with one another.

Consumer surveys (e.g., questionnaires that ask people what products they like and use)are primarily used to measure people's implicit attitudes.

According to research studies, people who hold strong attitudes toward an issue are least likely to do which of the following?

Who is the most likely to be anxious, depressed, and/or low in self-esteem?

Suppose that you are watching a television commercial advertising a new car. The commercial's spokesperson is raving about how smooth the ride is, and going bananas over what a great deal the car is. If you are half-asleep while watching the commercial, how will your automatic system process the claims?

Research on religious beliefs shows that appealing to a higher (superordinate)power can be an effective way to reduce ____.

Discuss cognitive dissonance theory. What does the theory say, and what kinds of predictions does it make?

Iris is a vegetarian, but she ate a steak last night. When would she be most likely to try to rationalize her steak-eating?

Which statement about humans and animals is most correct?

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men participated in a painful religious ritual, watched other young men participate in the ritual, or sang and prayed. The young men who ____ identified more with the larger social group as a result of their participation.

According to cognitive dissonance theory, "we come to love the things we suffer for." For example, we tend to be especially loyal to groups that require severe or painful initiations. Why does this happen?

Which of the following is the best example of belief perseverance?