Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

Which of the following is the best example of operant conditioning?

Religious beliefs have no psychological benefit.

To increase the chance that a general attitude like "Helping others is a good thing" will predict a specific behavior like someone's willingness to give blood, you should ____.

Suppose that Rachel sold one of her stocks last week and that the value of the stock has tripled since then. What a mistake! In which of the following cases is Rachel most likely to experience cognitive dissonance?

Research by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues on effective coping among cancer patients has suggested that all of the following are important in promoting recovery EXCEPT ____.

The tendency for people to hold on to their beliefs-even when their beliefs are discredited by compelling evidence-is known as ____.

Iris is a vegetarian, but she ate a steak last night. Because of this hypocritical behavior, Iris is likely to experience a state of discomfort known as ________________.

The ease with which an attitude comes to mind is called ________________.

If the idea of effort justification is to be believed, the best way to get people to commit to a particular group is to ____.

Comer and Laird's (1975)study told some participants that they would be doing a worm-eating task. After a short period during which the participants could contemplate worm eating, the experimenter told them there was a mistake, and that they could choose between worm-eating and weight discrimination tasks. What percent of the participants chose to stay with the worm-eating task when given a more emotionally neutral (weight discrimination)alternative?

Kevin has just moved to a new neighborhood. In his old neighborhood, everyone wore Vans and board shorts, but he notices that the kids on his new block are wearing Nikes and basketball shorts. He also notices that they tease people who are not dressed this way. Kevin immediately asks his mom to take him to the store to buy new clothes. What has taken place here?

Research has demonstrated that people are more likely to imitate behaviors if they have seen others rewarded for performing those behaviors, and less likely to imitate behaviors if they have seen others punished for performing those behaviors. This type of learning is known as ____.

Research has demonstrated that people are more likely to imitate behaviors if they have seen others rewarded for performing those behaviors, and less likely to imitate behaviors if they have seen others punished for performing those behaviors. This type of learning is known as ________________.

Wei-Shin was mugged while he was walking across campus alone one evening. The event left him with his wallet and identity stolen, and a broken nose and rib. Wei-Shin thinks to himself, "What kind of world is this, where someone will mug a poor college student?" Wei-Shin is having trouble coping because this traumatic event has challenged his ____.

According to cognitive dissonance theory, discrepancies between attitudes and behaviors produce ____.

In one well-known study that was conducted during an era of anti-Chinese prejudice (LaPiere, 1934), a researcher drove across the U.S. with a Chinese couple, stopping at dozens of restaurants, hotels, auto camps, and tourist homes. He was interested in knowing the percentage of establishments that would serve the couple, as well as the percentage of establishments that would SAY that they would serve the couple when contacted later. The results from this research provided some of the first evidence of ____.

The so-called A-B problem refers to the fact that there is often a weak relationship between people's ___.

Research on the spread of attitudes on Facebook indicates that a(n)____ fits the pattern.

Research suggests that the mere exposure effect ____.

As discussed in the text, there are a number of cognitive tendencies found among gamblers that have the effect of encouraging these people to keep gambling. One of the MOST common is the tendency to see losses as ____.