Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men who participated in the Kavadi, a painful religious ritual requiring piercing the skin with needles, dragging a cart attached by hooks to the skin, and climbing a mountain barefoot, ____.

If you want to cope better with tragedy, you should engage in ________________comparisons with others.

Research suggests that, if you are half-asleep on the sofa watching an infomercial, such that you are processing the contents of the infomercial solely via the automatic system, then your automatic system is likely to take in the ____.

____ works on the assumption that a person's attitude toward helping others might fare better if his or her behavior is not measured by a single test.

Mariah has an unplanned, unwanted pregnancy. She is thinking about having an abortion. But her family members and close friends are all strongly opposed to abortion. The influence of their views on Mariah's decision to pursue abortion or not best illustrates the importance of ____.

Early research on classical conditioning was performed with dogs. In certain variations of this research, experimenters repeatedly presented dogs with meat powder just after ringing a bell. The dogs (who would naturally salivate after being exposed to meat powder)learned to associate the bell with the meat powder, and began to salivate as soon as they heard the bell. In the language of classical conditioning, the meat powder in this research served as a(n)________________.

In terms of the kinds of predictions that it makes, research on cognitive dissonance theory is most at odds with research on ____.

Attitude accessibility refers to how easily an attitude comes to mind.

The pressure to maintain consistency among beliefs and behaviors is ____.

In 1968, social psychologist Robert Zajonc proposed that "____ of the individual to a stimulus is a sufficient condition for the enhancement of his attitude toward it."

One technique that advertisers often use to influence consumers is celebrity endorsement. The logic works like this: If people like Catherine Zeta-Jones and repeatedly see T-Mobile products together with Catherine Zeta-Jones, then people will learn to associate T-Mobile with her and will in turn like T-Mobile more. That is, celebrity endorsement is expected to lead to ____.

Research has shown children can identify good and bad categories, and especially the "bad", very early in life. This highlights which psychological principle?

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men participated in a painful religious ritual, watched other young men participate in the ritual, or sang and prayed. The young men who ____ donated the least amount to the temple.

There is a stray cat in your neighborhood that you see every few days. At first, you did not really care about the cat at all. But, over time, as you saw her more and more, you began to develop warm and fuzzy feelings toward the cat. It appears that your attitudes toward the cat shifted as a result of the ________________ effect.

Research has shown that attitudes that are certain, stable, consistent, available, and based on direct experience are especially effective in predicting behavior. These attitudes best illustrate the term ____.

Social learning is also sometimes referred to as observational learning or ____.

The tendency to engage in belief perseverance can be reduced or eliminated by ____.

The so-called A-B problem refers to the fact that ____.

Which term refers to the idea that while attitudes and behavior may not match in a single instance, they will tend to match up over a number of instances?

Martin's wife died suddenly in a traumatic accident. He believes it was a senseless death with no point. Jack's wife died in a similar manner. Jack believes his wife's death has provided an opportunity for the family to develop a foundation serving others with her life insurance benefits. Jack and Martin will probably cope equally well with their tragic circumstances.