Exam 14: The Revenge of Nature: Plague, Cold, and the Limits of Disaster in the Fourteenth Century

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Discuss some of the difficulties inherent in the identification of diseases that occurred in the past.

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Identifying diseases that occurred in the past can be challenging due to several factors. One difficulty is the lack of comprehensive medical records from historical periods. Without detailed documentation of symptoms, treatments, and outcomes, it can be difficult to accurately identify specific diseases that affected populations in the past.

Additionally, the terminology and understanding of diseases have evolved over time. What may have been described as a "fever" in historical records could have been caused by a variety of different infectious diseases, making it challenging to pinpoint the exact illness that was present.

Furthermore, the lack of advanced diagnostic tools and techniques in the past makes it difficult to confirm the presence of specific diseases. Without access to laboratory tests or imaging technology, historians and researchers must rely on indirect evidence such as written accounts, archaeological findings, and epidemiological patterns to infer the presence of diseases in the past.

Finally, cultural and societal factors can also impact the identification of past diseases. Stigmatization of certain illnesses, limited access to healthcare, and differing beliefs about the causes of illness can all influence the way diseases were perceived and recorded in historical records.

In conclusion, the identification of diseases that occurred in the past is inherently difficult due to the limitations of historical medical records, changes in disease terminology and understanding, the lack of diagnostic tools, and the influence of cultural and societal factors. Researchers must carefully consider these challenges when attempting to identify and understand diseases from historical periods.

Outbreaks of plague affected

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C

The Great Drowning of 1362 affected

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D

As a result of his stay in Cairo,Mansa Musa caused

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One of the consequences of cooling conditions in the fourteenth century was

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During the most intense phases of global cooling in the fourteenth century,average temperatures fell by as much as

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Which of the following is NOT a form of evidence for climate change?

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In what way (or ways)did peasants in Western Europe benefit from the plague?

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What is the most likely identification of the "plague" that devastated Eurasia in the fourteenth century? Explain the nature of the available evidence and how that evidence was used to reach the most convincing conclusion.

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What were the main vectors for the spread of the plague? What do these pathways tell us about the nature of the disease(s)known as the plague?

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In his relations with his largely Hindu subjects,the Muslim Ibn Tughluq

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Compare and contrast the effects of fourteenth century climate change in Europe and the Americas.

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After the settlement of New Zealand by Polynesians,people

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During the height of the plague in Europe,the disease broke out during

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How was Japan affected by the plague?

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The building of the statues on Easter Island

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The cooling trend in the fourteenth century first began in

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Discuss how religious and political leaders sought to explain and respond to natural disasters such as the Black Death.Consider and compare social and political effects on Christian Europe,the Islamic world,and China.

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What moral,social,and political effects did the plague have on fourteenth-century China?

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In what battle did the Mongols unintentionally use a form of biological warfare in order to win?

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