Question 1

How has conservation protected the stocks of cod and haddock in the Atlantic?

Accepted Answer

A)  by banning their fishing altogether 
B)  by successfully boycotting the sale of the fish 
C)  by having fishermen concentrate on each species in turn 
D)  by convincing fishermen to concentrate on lobster fishing instead 
A)  by banning their fishing altogether 
B)  by successfully boycotting the sale of the fish 
C)  by having fishermen concentrate on each species in turn 
D)  by convincing fishermen to concentrate on lobster fishing instead C

Question 2

How did changes in the microbial world present challenges,and how did people meet those challenges during the last century?

Accepted Answer

Changes in the microbial world presented numerous challenges during the last century. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the spread of infectious diseases, and the threat of global pandemics all posed significant risks to public health and safety. Additionally, the increasing interconnectedness of the world through travel and trade made it easier for microbes to spread across borders and continents.

In response to these challenges, people developed and implemented various strategies to meet them. One of the most significant advancements was the development of new antibiotics and vaccines to combat emerging infectious diseases. Additionally, public health measures such as improved sanitation, hygiene practices, and disease surveillance systems were put in place to prevent the spread of microbes.

Furthermore, advancements in medical technology and research allowed for better understanding of microbial behavior and the development of more effective treatment methods. International cooperation and coordination also played a crucial role in addressing global health challenges, as countries worked together to monitor and respond to outbreaks and pandemics.

Overall, the last century saw significant progress in meeting the challenges posed by changes in the microbial world, but ongoing vigilance and innovation will be necessary to continue addressing these challenges in the future.

Question 3

One of the social consequences of rapid urbanization and the creation of enormous cities has been

Accepted Answer

A)  a drop in literacy rates. 
B)  a fall in the number of manufacturing jobs. 
C)  a rise in living standards for the poor. 
D)  the growth of gangs and criminal organizations. 
A)  a drop in literacy rates. 
B)  a fall in the number of manufacturing jobs. 
C)  a rise in living standards for the poor. 
D)  the growth of gangs and criminal organizations. D

Question 4

Write an essay that compares the attitudes and responses of industrialized nations and emerging nations to new evidence that relates commercial,agricultural,and industrial activities to global warming.

Accepted Answer

Industrialized nations and emerging nati

Question 5

The amount of the world's energy supplied by oil at the end of the twentieth century amounted to about

Accepted Answer

A)  40 percent. 
B)  50 percent. 
C)  65 percent. 
D)  70 percent. 
A)  40 percent. 
B)  50 percent. 
C)  65 percent. 
D)  70 percent.

Question 6

The chief problem with a switch to hydrogen as an energy source for automobiles is

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of power. 
B)  profitability. 
C)  unreliability. 
D)  technology. 
A)  lack of power. 
B)  profitability. 
C)  unreliability. 
D)  technology.

Question 7

What problems have urbanization and rising population created for human health and well being?

Accepted Answer

Urbanization and rising population have

Question 8

What threats do disease and climate pose to humans in the early twenty-first century?

Accepted Answer

Disease and climate pose significant thr

Question 9

During the 1980s,the infant mortality rate in Cubatão,Brazil,was

Accepted Answer

A)  5 percent. 
B)  20 percent. 
C)  35 percent. 
D)  50 percent. 
A)  5 percent. 
B)  20 percent. 
C)  35 percent. 
D)  50 percent.

Question 10

In urban areas,the poor face all of the following critical health problems EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  air pollution. 
B)  cheap food. 
C)  water pollution and shortages. 
D)  housing shortages. 
A)  air pollution. 
B)  cheap food. 
C)  water pollution and shortages. 
D)  housing shortages.

Question 11

How has overproduction led to increased poverty worldwide and created new ecological challenges?

Accepted Answer

Overproduction has led to increased pove

Question 12

Write an essay that addresses whether the European Union is best described as an institution designed to respond to established twentieth-century concerns about cultural and commercial competition with America or as an institution designed to position Europe as an essential hub linking culture and trade from Africa,Asia,and the Americas.

Accepted Answer

The European Union (EU) is a complex and

Question 13

The influenza pandemic of 1918 and 1919 is estimated to have killed more people than

Accepted Answer

A)  the First World War. 
B)  all of those currently infected with AIDS. 
C)  the Second World War. 
D)  all of those who died in the atrocities carried out by Hitler, Mao, and Stalin. 
A)  the First World War. 
B)  all of those currently infected with AIDS. 
C)  the Second World War. 
D)  all of those who died in the atrocities carried out by Hitler, Mao, and Stalin.

Question 14

What have been the environmental consequences of fossil fuel consumption?

Accepted Answer

The environmental consequences of fossil

Question 15

How effective have conservation efforts been? Why is this question also difficult to answer?

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of conservation effort

Question 16

How have changes in food production led to cheaper food,as well as poorer nutrition,increased obesity,and dramatically higher rates of certain diseases?

Accepted Answer

Changes in food production have led to c

Question 17

Approximately 245 million years ago,most of the earth's species became extinct as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  an asteroid strike that cut off sunlight. 
B)  a warming trend that flooded the earth. 
C)  a little understood series of epidemics. 
D)  climate change that made the world colder. 
A)  an asteroid strike that cut off sunlight. 
B)  a warming trend that flooded the earth. 
C)  a little understood series of epidemics. 
D)  climate change that made the world colder.

Question 18

From the fourteenth to eighteenth centuries C.E.,the climate changed by

Accepted Answer

A)  entering a cooling period. 
B)  becoming much wetter. 
C)  first becoming warmer, then becoming dramatically colder. 
D)  entering a warming period. 
A)  entering a cooling period. 
B)  becoming much wetter. 
C)  first becoming warmer, then becoming dramatically colder. 
D)  entering a warming period.

Question 19

What factors led to the overproduction of food? Who has benefited from this regime of overproduction?

Accepted Answer

The overproduction of food can be attrib

Question 20

The most short-term cost-efficient alternative form of power generation ever devised is

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroelectric power. 
B)  nuclear power. 
C)  tidal power. 
D)  wind power. 
A)  hydroelectric power. 
B)  nuclear power. 
C)  tidal power. 
D)  wind power.

Exam 30: The Embattled Biosphere: The Twentieth-Century Environment

How has conservation protected the stocks of cod and haddock in the Atlantic?

How did changes in the microbial world present challenges,and how did people meet those challenges during the last century?

One of the social consequences of rapid urbanization and the creation of enormous cities has been

Write an essay that compares the attitudes and responses of industrialized nations and emerging nations to new evidence that relates commercial,agricultural,and industrial activities to global warming.

The amount of the world's energy supplied by oil at the end of the twentieth century amounted to about

The chief problem with a switch to hydrogen as an energy source for automobiles is

What problems have urbanization and rising population created for human health and well being?

What threats do disease and climate pose to humans in the early twenty-first century?

During the 1980s,the infant mortality rate in Cubatão,Brazil,was

In urban areas,the poor face all of the following critical health problems EXCEPT:

How has overproduction led to increased poverty worldwide and created new ecological challenges?

The influenza pandemic of 1918 and 1919 is estimated to have killed more people than

What have been the environmental consequences of fossil fuel consumption?

How effective have conservation efforts been? Why is this question also difficult to answer?

How have changes in food production led to cheaper food,as well as poorer nutrition,increased obesity,and dramatically higher rates of certain diseases?

Approximately 245 million years ago,most of the earth's species became extinct as a result of

From the fourteenth to eighteenth centuries C.E.,the climate changed by

What factors led to the overproduction of food? Who has benefited from this regime of overproduction?

The most short-term cost-efficient alternative form of power generation ever devised is

Out of the Ice: Peopling the Earth

Out of the Mud: Farming and Herding after the Ice Age

The Great River Valleys: Accelerating Change and Developing States

A Succession of Civilizations: Ambition and Instability

Rebuilding the World: Recoveries, New Initiatives, and Their Limits

The Great Schools

Postimperial Worlds: Problems of Empires in Eurasia and Africa, ca. 200 C.E. to ca. 700 C.E.

Remaking the World: Innovation and Renewal on Environmental Frontiers in the Late First Millennium

Contending with Isolation: ca. 1000–1200

The Nomadic Frontiers: The Islamic World, Byzantium, and China ca. 1000–1200

Contending with Isolation: ca. 1000–1200

The Nomadic Frontiers: The Islamic World, Byzantium, and China ca. 1000–1200

The World the Mongols Made

The Revenge of Nature: Plague, Cold, and the Limits of Disaster in the Fourteenth Century

Expanding Worlds: Recovery in the Late Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries

Imperial Arenas: New Empires in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

The Ecological Revolution of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Mental Revolutions: Religion and Science in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

States and Societies: Political and Social Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Driven by Growth: The Global Economy in the Eighteenth Century

The Age of Global Interaction: Expansion and Intersection of Eighteenth-Century Empires

The Exchange of Enlightenments: Eighteenth-Century Thought

Replacing Muscle: The Energy Revolutions

The Social Mold: Work and Society in the Nineteenth Century

Western Dominance in the Nineteenth Century: The Westward Shift of Power and the Rise of Global Empires

The Changing State: Political Developments in the Nineteenth Century

The Twentieth-Century Mind: Western Science and the World

World Order and Disorder: Global Politics in the Twentieth

The Pursuit of Utopia: Civil Society in the Twentieth Century

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