Question 1

How has the pioneering work of Sigmund Freud and other psychologists reshaped the understanding of the human psyche?

Accepted Answer

The pioneering work of Sigmund Freud and other psychologists has reshaped the understanding of the human psyche in several ways. Freud's development of psychoanalysis and his emphasis on the unconscious mind revolutionized the way we think about human behavior and mental processes. His theories on the id, ego, and superego, as well as concepts like repression and the Oedipus complex, have had a profound impact on psychology and our understanding of human motivation and personality.

Additionally, other psychologists have built upon Freud's work and expanded our understanding of the human psyche. For example, Carl Jung introduced the concept of the collective unconscious and archetypes, while Alfred Adler focused on the importance of individual psychology and the drive for superiority. These contributions have further enriched our understanding of human behavior and the complexities of the human mind.

Overall, the pioneering work of Freud and other psychologists has led to a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the human psyche, influencing fields such as therapy, counseling, and even popular culture. Their insights have helped to shape modern psychology and continue to be relevant in our understanding of human behavior and mental health.

Question 2

The study of Western medicine was relatively slow to take hold in China because

Accepted Answer

A)  ancient Chinese methods continued to be thought superior. 
B)  Westerners did not think the Chinese capable of appreciating Western practices. 
C)  only after the revolution was there an interest in developing a Western-style curriculum for medicine. 
D)  outside of an interest in weapons technology, there was no interest in Western science. 
A)  ancient Chinese methods continued to be thought superior. 
B)  Westerners did not think the Chinese capable of appreciating Western practices. 
C)  only after the revolution was there an interest in developing a Western-style curriculum for medicine. 
D)  outside of an interest in weapons technology, there was no interest in Western science. A

Question 3

The reaction of Pope John XXIII to the "Big Bang" theory and scientific evidence of an expanding universe was

Accepted Answer

A)  to deny that it proved anything. 
B)  to see it as evidence of divine creation. 
C)  to declare the work heresy and to accept only a literal understanding of Genesis. 
D)  to argue that it was merely an attempt to remove God from our understanding of the universe. 
A)  to deny that it proved anything. 
B)  to see it as evidence of divine creation. 
C)  to declare the work heresy and to accept only a literal understanding of Genesis. 
D)  to argue that it was merely an attempt to remove God from our understanding of the universe. B

Question 4

In 1925,an American court in Tennessee decided that a school board could

Accepted Answer

A)  not ban the theory of evolution because it was based on scientific knowledge. 
B)  not ban the evolutionary theory because it was incompatible with the Bible, on the grounds that church and state are separate. 
C)  ban the theory of evolution only if Biblical creation was not allowed to be taught also. 
D)  ban the theory of evolution because it was incompatible with the Bible. 
A)  not ban the theory of evolution because it was based on scientific knowledge. 
B)  not ban the evolutionary theory because it was incompatible with the Bible, on the grounds that church and state are separate. 
C)  ban the theory of evolution only if Biblical creation was not allowed to be taught also. 
D)  ban the theory of evolution because it was incompatible with the Bible.

Question 5

By the late twentieth century,traditional medicinal practices in India and China were

Accepted Answer

A)  becoming increasingly popular in the West. 
B)  were only of interest to indigenous peoples. 
C)  had virtually disappeared as a result of Western medicine. 
D)  were of interest in the West primarily to anthropologists. 
A)  becoming increasingly popular in the West. 
B)  were only of interest to indigenous peoples. 
C)  had virtually disappeared as a result of Western medicine. 
D)  were of interest in the West primarily to anthropologists.

Question 6

What effect did developments in psychology and anthropology have on art?

Accepted Answer

Developments in psychology and anthropol

Question 7

Write an essay that explores how rapid change and new developments in twentieth-century industry and technology led twentieth century political thinkers and artists to imagine the future of society.

Accepted Answer

The rapid change and new developments in

Question 8

Artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were influenced by anthropological study mainly through

Accepted Answer

A)  the work of Margaret Mead. 
B)  Franz Boas's lectures and teaching. 
C)  their personal travels among peoples in the Americas. 
D)  work by indigenous peoples in Africa and the Pacific. 
A)  the work of Margaret Mead. 
B)  Franz Boas's lectures and teaching. 
C)  their personal travels among peoples in the Americas. 
D)  work by indigenous peoples in Africa and the Pacific.

Question 9

The focus of Margaret Mead's work in Samoa during the 1920s was

Accepted Answer

A)  the coming-of-age rituals of boys in a competitive warrior society. 
B)  the role of harsh discipline in the raising of Samoan children. 
C)  young girls growing up in a sexually permissive society. 
D)  the unfortunate consequences of teenage pregnancy for Samoan girls. 
A)  the coming-of-age rituals of boys in a competitive warrior society. 
B)  the role of harsh discipline in the raising of Samoan children. 
C)  young girls growing up in a sexually permissive society. 
D)  the unfortunate consequences of teenage pregnancy for Samoan girls.

Question 10

The new science of genetics has led to all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  a clearer understanding of the building blocks of life. 
B)  the creation of drought- and disease-resistant species of plants. 
C)  the ability to intervene in the evolutionary process. 
D)  an agreement about the ethics of cloning. 
A)  a clearer understanding of the building blocks of life. 
B)  the creation of drought- and disease-resistant species of plants. 
C)  the ability to intervene in the evolutionary process. 
D)  an agreement about the ethics of cloning.

Question 11

How did the definition of what counted as "art" change with technological and cultural developments in the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

The definition of what counted as "art"

Question 12

Einstein's work was revolutionary because he suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)  the apparent effects of motion on speed were illusions. 
B)  the speed of light is predictable, as are the effects of motion. 
C)  time is constant regardless of speed. 
D)  the laws of nature reveal a clear orderliness that is evident by experimentation. 
A)  the apparent effects of motion on speed were illusions. 
B)  the speed of light is predictable, as are the effects of motion. 
C)  time is constant regardless of speed. 
D)  the laws of nature reveal a clear orderliness that is evident by experimentation.

Question 13

How did the transformation of Western science affect art and the human sciences?

Accepted Answer

The transformation of Western science ha

Question 14

At the beginning of the twentieth century,British policy in India towards science and scientific education aimed

Accepted Answer

A)  to discourage Indians from pursuing science. 
B)  to invest heavily in scientific education. 
C)  at only benefiting British companies. 
D)  at allowing Indians of high caste entry into Western education. 
A)  to discourage Indians from pursuing science. 
B)  to invest heavily in scientific education. 
C)  at only benefiting British companies. 
D)  at allowing Indians of high caste entry into Western education.

Question 15

As a result of having read Ernest Rutherford's work,the artist Vasily Kandinsky was influenced to paint

Accepted Answer

A)  abstract art, suppressing every reminder of real objects. 
B)  art that emphasized forceful lines with an appeal to strength and order. 
C)  cubist art that showed images as though through a shivered mirror. 
D)  realist art that idealized work and industry. 
A)  abstract art, suppressing every reminder of real objects. 
B)  art that emphasized forceful lines with an appeal to strength and order. 
C)  cubist art that showed images as though through a shivered mirror. 
D)  realist art that idealized work and industry.

Question 16

Valid experiments in quantum mechanics produce reliable observations that

Accepted Answer

A)  may be repeated under certain special conditions. 
B)  can always be repeated; otherwise, they would not be valid. 
C)  can sometimes be repeated. 
D)  cannot be repeated. 
A)  may be repeated under certain special conditions. 
B)  can always be repeated; otherwise, they would not be valid. 
C)  can sometimes be repeated. 
D)  cannot be repeated.

Question 17

The "New Culture" movement that developed after the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty saw science as

Accepted Answer

A)  a means to develop industry and create a middle class. 
B)  in harmony with Confucian teachings and emphasis on education. 
C)  a necessary part of creating new ideas and a democratic system for China. 
D)  a way to modernize and save the country from the West and Japan. 
A)  a means to develop industry and create a middle class. 
B)  in harmony with Confucian teachings and emphasis on education. 
C)  a necessary part of creating new ideas and a democratic system for China. 
D)  a way to modernize and save the country from the West and Japan.

Question 18

What was the effect of new discoveries in physics on the way we understand the universe?

Accepted Answer

The effect of new discoveries in physics

Question 19

Functionalist architecture was popular during the 1950s and 1960s because it

Accepted Answer

A)  could be built quickly and relatively inexpensively. 
B)  created friendly and inviting spaces for people to work. 
C)  could easily be incorporated into older classical buildings. 
D)  favored small buildings that traditional and conservative. 
A)  could be built quickly and relatively inexpensively. 
B)  created friendly and inviting spaces for people to work. 
C)  could easily be incorporated into older classical buildings. 
D)  favored small buildings that traditional and conservative.

Question 20

How was Western science transformed during the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

Western science underwent significant tr

Exam 27: The Twentieth-Century Mind: Western Science and the World

How has the pioneering work of Sigmund Freud and other psychologists reshaped the understanding of the human psyche?

The study of Western medicine was relatively slow to take hold in China because

The reaction of Pope John XXIII to the "Big Bang" theory and scientific evidence of an expanding universe was

In 1925,an American court in Tennessee decided that a school board could

By the late twentieth century,traditional medicinal practices in India and China were

What effect did developments in psychology and anthropology have on art?

Write an essay that explores how rapid change and new developments in twentieth-century industry and technology led twentieth century political thinkers and artists to imagine the future of society.

Artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were influenced by anthropological study mainly through

The focus of Margaret Mead's work in Samoa during the 1920s was

The new science of genetics has led to all of the following EXCEPT:

How did the definition of what counted as "art" change with technological and cultural developments in the twentieth century?

Einstein's work was revolutionary because he suggested that

How did the transformation of Western science affect art and the human sciences?

At the beginning of the twentieth century,British policy in India towards science and scientific education aimed

As a result of having read Ernest Rutherford's work,the artist Vasily Kandinsky was influenced to paint

Valid experiments in quantum mechanics produce reliable observations that

The "New Culture" movement that developed after the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty saw science as

What was the effect of new discoveries in physics on the way we understand the universe?

Functionalist architecture was popular during the 1950s and 1960s because it

How was Western science transformed during the twentieth century?

Out of the Ice: Peopling the Earth

Out of the Mud: Farming and Herding after the Ice Age

The Great River Valleys: Accelerating Change and Developing States

A Succession of Civilizations: Ambition and Instability

Rebuilding the World: Recoveries, New Initiatives, and Their Limits

The Great Schools

Postimperial Worlds: Problems of Empires in Eurasia and Africa, ca. 200 C.E. to ca. 700 C.E.

Remaking the World: Innovation and Renewal on Environmental Frontiers in the Late First Millennium

Contending with Isolation: ca. 1000–1200

The Nomadic Frontiers: The Islamic World, Byzantium, and China ca. 1000–1200

Contending with Isolation: ca. 1000–1200

The Nomadic Frontiers: The Islamic World, Byzantium, and China ca. 1000–1200

The World the Mongols Made

The Revenge of Nature: Plague, Cold, and the Limits of Disaster in the Fourteenth Century

Expanding Worlds: Recovery in the Late Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries

Imperial Arenas: New Empires in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

The Ecological Revolution of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Mental Revolutions: Religion and Science in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

States and Societies: Political and Social Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Driven by Growth: The Global Economy in the Eighteenth Century

The Age of Global Interaction: Expansion and Intersection of Eighteenth-Century Empires

The Exchange of Enlightenments: Eighteenth-Century Thought

Replacing Muscle: The Energy Revolutions

The Social Mold: Work and Society in the Nineteenth Century

Western Dominance in the Nineteenth Century: The Westward Shift of Power and the Rise of Global Empires

The Changing State: Political Developments in the Nineteenth Century

World Order and Disorder: Global Politics in the Twentieth

The Pursuit of Utopia: Civil Society in the Twentieth Century

The Embattled Biosphere: The Twentieth-Century Environment

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