Question 1

According to Chargaff's rules,

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of A-T base pairs is always equal to the number of G-C base pairs in all DNA molecules. 
B)  the adenine content in any DNA molecule is always equal to the thymine content. 
C)  the adenine content in any DNA molecule is always greater than the thymine content. 
D)  the guanine content in any DNA molecule is always less than the cytosine content. 
E)  there is no relationship between the ratio of purine and pyrimidine content in any DNA molecule. 
A)  the number of A-T base pairs is always equal to the number of G-C base pairs in all DNA molecules. 
B)  the adenine content in any DNA molecule is always equal to the thymine content. 
C)  the adenine content in any DNA molecule is always greater than the thymine content. 
D)  the guanine content in any DNA molecule is always less than the cytosine content. 
E)  there is no relationship between the ratio of purine and pyrimidine content in any DNA molecule.

Question 2

The DNA strand that is replicated smoothly and continuously is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  primary strand. 
B)  template strand. 
C)  leading strand. 
D)  Okazaki fragment. 
E)  lagging strand. 
A)  primary strand. 
B)  template strand. 
C)  leading strand. 
D)  Okazaki fragment. 
E)  lagging strand.

Question 3

The information encoded by the DNA is specified by the

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule. 
B)  number of separate DNA strands. 
C)  size of a particular chromosome. 
D)  nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule. 
E)  number of bases in a DNA molecule. 
A)  sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule. 
B)  number of separate DNA strands. 
C)  size of a particular chromosome. 
D)  nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule. 
E)  number of bases in a DNA molecule.

Question 4

In mismatch repair, enzymes remove incorrectly-paired nucleotides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Okazaki fragments are joined together by

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA ligase. 
C)  DNA polymerase. 
D)  RNA ligase. 
E)  primase. 
A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA ligase. 
C)  DNA polymerase. 
D)  RNA ligase. 
E)  primase.

Question 6

In one strand of a DNA molecule, adjacent nucleotides are joined by a phosphodiester linkage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Single-strand binding proteins prevent the hydrolysis of single-strand regions of DNA by nucleases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

____, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell division.

Accepted Answer

A)  Centromeres 
B)  Telomeres 
C)  Kinetochores 
D)  Primosomes 
E)  Nucleosomes 
A)  Centromeres 
B)  Telomeres 
C)  Kinetochores 
D)  Primosomes 
E)  Nucleosomes

Question 9

To fit X-ray crystallographic data, the two DNA strands in Watson and Crick's model must be ____ to each other.

Accepted Answer

A)  conservative 
B)  uncomplementary 
C)  parallel 
D)  antiparallel 
E)  semiconservative 
A)  conservative 
B)  uncomplementary 
C)  parallel 
D)  antiparallel 
E)  semiconservative

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: joins successive nucleotides to a growing polynucleotide strand, complementary to the template strand

Accepted Answer

The Answer of DNA ligase and DNA helicase and Single-strand is...

Question 11

Explain what is meant by the "directionality" of DNA strands. Also, briefly discuss how this directionality is ultimately responsible for Okazaki fragments.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The anti

Question 12

DNA synthesis

Accepted Answer

A)  is unidirectional. 
B)  is facilitated by a phosphodiester linkage. 
C)  occurs only once during each cell generation. 
D)  has few mechanisms for fixing errors. 
E)  is proofread by DNA ligase. 
A)  is unidirectional. 
B)  is facilitated by a phosphodiester linkage. 
C)  occurs only once during each cell generation. 
D)  has few mechanisms for fixing errors. 
E)  is proofread by DNA ligase.

Question 13

When a mutation occurs during DNA replication, ____ replaces the incorrect nucleotide with the correct one after the mismatched nucleotide has been removed.

Accepted Answer

A)  mismatch repair enzymes 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  telomerase 
E)  helicase 
A)  mismatch repair enzymes 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  telomerase 
E)  helicase

Question 14

Briefly discuss why the degradation of telomeres result in cellular aging. Conversely, propose why telomere lengthening could result in cells becoming cancerous.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Telomeres, which a

Question 15

Individuals with mutations in excision repair enzymes may suffer from ____ due to unrepaired DNA damage caused by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  skin cancer; mutations inherited from their parents 
B)  colon cancer; the passing of DNA mutations to daughter cells 
C)  prostate cancer; telomerase 
D)  skin cancer; the sun's UV rays 
E)  skin cancer; complementary base pairing 
A)  skin cancer; mutations inherited from their parents 
B)  colon cancer; the passing of DNA mutations to daughter cells 
C)  prostate cancer; telomerase 
D)  skin cancer; the sun's UV rays 
E)  skin cancer; complementary base pairing

Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: opens the double helix like a zipper

Accepted Answer

The Answer of DNA polymerase and Single-strand binding protein and is...

Question 17

Viruses that infect bacteria are known as?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteriophages 
B)  Agrobacterium 
C)  Mycobacterium 
D)  Parainfluenza virus 
E)  Monobacterium 
A)  Bacteriophages 
B)  Agrobacterium 
C)  Mycobacterium 
D)  Parainfluenza virus 
E)  Monobacterium

Question 18

Unlike normal cells, cancerous cells

Accepted Answer

A)  have reduced levels of telomerase. 
B)  divide only a few times before succumbing to apoptosis. 
C)  have unusually short telomeres. 
D)  can maintain telomere length as they divide. 
E)  lack telomeres. 
A)  have reduced levels of telomerase. 
B)  divide only a few times before succumbing to apoptosis. 
C)  have unusually short telomeres. 
D)  can maintain telomere length as they divide. 
E)  lack telomeres.

Question 19

The process of DNA replication is conservative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning DNA is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The structure of DNA can be described as a double helix. 
B)  DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. 
C)  Purines and pyrimidines are complementary. 
D)  The sugar present in DNA is ribose. 
E)  The two chains of DNA are antiparallel. 
A)  The structure of DNA can be described as a double helix. 
B)  DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. 
C)  Purines and pyrimidines are complementary. 
D)  The sugar present in DNA is ribose. 
E)  The two chains of DNA are antiparallel.

Exam 12: DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

According to Chargaff's rules,

The DNA strand that is replicated smoothly and continuously is called the

The information encoded by the DNA is specified by the

In mismatch repair, enzymes remove incorrectly-paired nucleotides.

Okazaki fragments are joined together by

In one strand of a DNA molecule, adjacent nucleotides are joined by a phosphodiester linkage.

Single-strand binding proteins prevent the hydrolysis of single-strand regions of DNA by nucleases.

____, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell division.

To fit X-ray crystallographic data, the two DNA strands in Watson and Crick's model must be ____ to each other.

Explain what is meant by the "directionality" of DNA strands. Also, briefly discuss how this directionality is ultimately responsible for Okazaki fragments.

DNA synthesis

When a mutation occurs during DNA replication, ____ replaces the incorrect nucleotide with the correct one after the mismatched nucleotide has been removed.

Briefly discuss why the degradation of telomeres result in cellular aging. Conversely, propose why telomere lengthening could result in cells becoming cancerous.

Individuals with mutations in excision repair enzymes may suffer from ____ due to unrepaired DNA damage caused by ____.

Viruses that infect bacteria are known as?

Unlike normal cells, cancerous cells

The process of DNA replication is conservative.

Which of the following statements concerning DNA is FALSE?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Individuals with mutations in excision repair enzymes may suffer from due to unrepaired DNA damage caused by .