Question 1

Match between columns
                        Premises: Gymnosperms common, large dinosaurs

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Devonian 488 mya and Quaternary 2.6 mya is...

Question 2

Describe the four requirements for chemical evolution and why each was essential.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Little or no free oxygen; a source of energy; chemical building blocks including water, dissolved inorganic minerals, and gases; plenty of time

Question 3

Which theory states that eukaryotic organelles originated as prokaryotes that survived ingestion by a host cell and ultimately evolved mutualistic relationships with the host cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endosymbiont theory 
B)  Heterosymbiont theory 
C)  Obligative symbiotic theory 
D)  Facultative symbiotic theory 
E)  Autotrophic symbiotic theory 
A)  Endosymbiont theory 
B)  Heterosymbiont theory 
C)  Obligative symbiotic theory 
D)  Facultative symbiotic theory 
E)  Autotrophic symbiotic theory A

Question 4

One of the most significant steps in the evolution of true cells from macromolecular assemblages was the evolution of:

Accepted Answer

A)  electronegativity. 
B)  covalent bonding. 
C)  hydrogen bonding. 
D)  valence electrons. 
E)  molecular reproduction. 
A)  electronegativity. 
B)  covalent bonding. 
C)  hydrogen bonding. 
D)  valence electrons. 
E)  molecular reproduction.

Question 5

A significant reduction in the amount of which gas would allow more ultraviolet radiation to reach Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen 
B)  Methane 
C)  Ozone 
D)  Cyanide 
E)  Carbon dioxide 
A)  Oxygen 
B)  Methane 
C)  Ozone 
D)  Cyanide 
E)  Carbon dioxide

Question 6

Which scientist worked on the concept of simple organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anton van Leeuwenhoek 
B)  J.B.S. Haldane 
C)  Alexander Fleming 
D)  Robert Hooke 
E)  Francesco Redi 
A)  Anton van Leeuwenhoek 
B)  J.B.S. Haldane 
C)  Alexander Fleming 
D)  Robert Hooke 
E)  Francesco Redi

Question 7

The first photosynthetic organisms to obtain hydrogen by splitting water were the cyanobacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The Holocene epoch marks the appearance of:

Accepted Answer

A)  humans. 
B)  reptiles. 
C)  amphibians. 
D)  large mammals. 
E)  marine vertebrates. 
A)  humans. 
B)  reptiles. 
C)  amphibians. 
D)  large mammals. 
E)  marine vertebrates.

Question 9

Which hypothesis states that life developed from nonliving matter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abiotic evolution 
B)  Natural selection 
C)  Organic evolution 
D)  Chemical evolution 
E)  Inorganic evolution 
A)  Abiotic evolution 
B)  Natural selection 
C)  Organic evolution 
D)  Chemical evolution 
E)  Inorganic evolution

Question 10

Which period of Earth represents when evolution was progressing at the most rapid rate, as evidenced by fossils such as those of the Burgess Shale?

Accepted Answer

A)  Silurian period 
B)  Cambrian period 
C)  Devonian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Carboniferous period 
A)  Silurian period 
B)  Cambrian period 
C)  Devonian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Carboniferous period

Question 11

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA and translational components.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Within a boundary, chemical reactions occur among complex molecules. 
B)  A source of energy is coupled to the chemical reaction sequence. 
C)  As the pre-cell system continues to evolve, its size and organization decrease. 
D)  The pre-cell system develops the ability to deduct. 
E)  RNA often has catalytic properties; such enzymatic RNAs are called lysosomes. 
A)  Within a boundary, chemical reactions occur among complex molecules. 
B)  A source of energy is coupled to the chemical reaction sequence. 
C)  As the pre-cell system continues to evolve, its size and organization decrease. 
D)  The pre-cell system develops the ability to deduct. 
E)  RNA often has catalytic properties; such enzymatic RNAs are called lysosomes.

Question 13

What feature of a dinosaur determines whether it is a saurischian or an ornithischian dinosaur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Size 
B)  Habitat 
C)  Feeding preference 
D)  Pelvic bone structure 
E)  Number of feet it walks on 
A)  Size 
B)  Habitat 
C)  Feeding preference 
D)  Pelvic bone structure 
E)  Number of feet it walks on

Question 14

Presently, it is thought that organic polymers may have formed and accumulated on:

Accepted Answer

A)  silt and sand. 
B)  sand and mud. 
C)  rocks and clay. 
D)  water and shells. 
E)  sand and heavy metals. 
A)  silt and sand. 
B)  sand and mud. 
C)  rocks and clay. 
D)  water and shells. 
E)  sand and heavy metals.

Question 15

What are the protobionts produced by abiotically produced polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polybionts 
B)  Prokaryotes 
C)  Microspheres 
D)  Peptidebionts 
E)  Stromatolites 
A)  Polybionts 
B)  Prokaryotes 
C)  Microspheres 
D)  Peptidebionts 
E)  Stromatolites

Question 16

The first cells were most likely heterotrophic anaerobes because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they were dependent upon cyanobacteria for oxygen. 
B)  they manufactured organic molecules and needed oxygen. 
C)  they manufactured organic molecules and do not need oxygen. 
D)  they utilized preformed organic molecules and needed oxygen. 
E)  they utilized preformed organic molecules and did not need oxygen. 
A)  they were dependent upon cyanobacteria for oxygen. 
B)  they manufactured organic molecules and needed oxygen. 
C)  they manufactured organic molecules and do not need oxygen. 
D)  they utilized preformed organic molecules and needed oxygen. 
E)  they utilized preformed organic molecules and did not need oxygen.

Question 17

What kind of organisms likely perished due to the increase of oxygen in the atmosphere three billion years ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterotrophs 
B)  Cyanobacteria 
C)  Obligate aerobes 
D)  Obligate anaerobes 
E)  Facultative anaerobes 
A)  Heterotrophs 
B)  Cyanobacteria 
C)  Obligate aerobes 
D)  Obligate anaerobes 
E)  Facultative anaerobes

Question 18

Describe the distinguishing organisms and major biological events associated with the following geological time units. 
 A. Paleozoic era 
 B. Cenozoic era

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider : Paleozoic era-all

Question 19

Provide at least two types of evidence that support the hypothesis of endosymbiosis.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Chloropl

Question 20

Match between columns
                        Premises: Extinction of large mammals; age of Homo sapiens

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Quaternary 2.6 mya and Carboniferous 359 mya is...

Exam 21: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

Describe the four requirements for chemical evolution and why each was essential.

Which theory states that eukaryotic organelles originated as prokaryotes that survived ingestion by a host cell and ultimately evolved mutualistic relationships with the host cell?

One of the most significant steps in the evolution of true cells from macromolecular assemblages was the evolution of:

A significant reduction in the amount of which gas would allow more ultraviolet radiation to reach Earth's surface?

Which scientist worked on the concept of simple organic molecules?

The first photosynthetic organisms to obtain hydrogen by splitting water were the cyanobacteria.

The Holocene epoch marks the appearance of:

Which hypothesis states that life developed from nonliving matter?

Which period of Earth represents when evolution was progressing at the most rapid rate, as evidenced by fossils such as those of the Burgess Shale?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA and translational components.

Which of the following statements is true?

What feature of a dinosaur determines whether it is a saurischian or an ornithischian dinosaur?

Presently, it is thought that organic polymers may have formed and accumulated on:

What are the protobionts produced by abiotically produced polypeptides?

The first cells were most likely heterotrophic anaerobes because:

What kind of organisms likely perished due to the increase of oxygen in the atmosphere three billion years ago?

Describe the distinguishing organisms and major biological events associated with the following geological time units. A. Paleozoic era B. Cenozoic era

Provide at least two types of evidence that support the hypothesis of endosymbiosis.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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