Question 1

Which of the following steps in the citric acid cycle directly produces a molecule of ATP (or GTP)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Citrate → isocitrate 
B)  Succinate → fumarate 
C)  Malate → oxaloacetate 
D)  Succinyl CoA → succinate 
E)  Isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate 
A)  Citrate → isocitrate 
B)  Succinate → fumarate 
C)  Malate → oxaloacetate 
D)  Succinyl CoA → succinate 
E)  Isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate D

Question 2

During the first phase of glycolysis, two ____ reactions take place to transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the sugar because glucose is relatively stable and not easily broken down.

Accepted Answer

A)  redox 
B)  exergonic 
C)  metabolic 
D)  hydrolysis 
E)  phosphorylation 
A)  redox 
B)  exergonic 
C)  metabolic 
D)  hydrolysis 
E)  phosphorylation E

Question 3

What is the reaction in which a phosphate group is transferred from ATP to the sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Phosphorylation 
C)  Decarboxylation 
D)  Dehydrogenation 
E)  Tricarboxylic acid 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Phosphorylation 
C)  Decarboxylation 
D)  Dehydrogenation 
E)  Tricarboxylic acid B

Question 4

Which of the following statements about lactic acid fermentation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It uses glucose as a substrate. 
B)  It is inefficient compared to aerobic respiration. 
C)  It produces two ATP molecules for every glucose molecule. 
D)  Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of this pathway. 
E)  Glycolysis is the only energy-yielding step of this pathway. 
A)  It uses glucose as a substrate. 
B)  It is inefficient compared to aerobic respiration. 
C)  It produces two ATP molecules for every glucose molecule. 
D)  Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of this pathway. 
E)  Glycolysis is the only energy-yielding step of this pathway.

Question 5

What is the chemical reaction illustrated in the figure? ​
 
​

Accepted Answer

A)  Fermentation 
B)  The first step in the citric acid cycle 
C)  The energy investment phase of glycolysis 
D)  Part of the electron transport chain 
E)  The energy capture phase of glycolysis 
A)  Fermentation 
B)  The first step in the citric acid cycle 
C)  The energy investment phase of glycolysis 
D)  Part of the electron transport chain 
E)  The energy capture phase of glycolysis

Question 6

Match between columns
                        Premises: GDP is phosphorylated.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Electron transport and chemiosmosis and Citric acid is...

Question 7

The energy released during the chain of electron transport molecules is used to create a(n) ____ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane for chemiosmosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP 
B)  ATP 
C)  proton 
D)  oxygen 
E)  electron 
A)  ADP 
B)  ATP 
C)  proton 
D)  oxygen 
E)  electron

Question 8

Saturated fatty acids store more energy than unsaturated fatty acids. Based on your knowledge of aerobic respiration, you draw this conclusion because saturated fatty acids

Accepted Answer

A)  lack phosphate. 
B)  are deaminated. 
C)  contain more ATP. 
D)  are more highly reduced. 
E)  contain more ester linkages. 
A)  lack phosphate. 
B)  are deaminated. 
C)  contain more ATP. 
D)  are more highly reduced. 
E)  contain more ester linkages.

Question 9

In eukaryotes, where does glycolysis occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytosol 
B)  Lysosomes 
C)  Golgi complex 
D)  Mitochondrial matrix 
E)  Mitochondrial inner membrane 
A)  Cytosol 
B)  Lysosomes 
C)  Golgi complex 
D)  Mitochondrial matrix 
E)  Mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 10

If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to ____ and then to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  citrate; oxaloacetate 
B)  acetaldehyde; lactate 
C)  lactate; carbon dioxide 
D)  acetaldehyde; ethyl alcohol 
E)  acetyl coenzyme A; citrate 
A)  citrate; oxaloacetate 
B)  acetaldehyde; lactate 
C)  lactate; carbon dioxide 
D)  acetaldehyde; ethyl alcohol 
E)  acetyl coenzyme A; citrate

Question 11

The complete aerobic metabolism of one molecule of glucose yields a maximum of how many ATPs?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  18 
D)  32 to 34 
E)  36 to 38 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  18 
D)  32 to 34 
E)  36 to 38

Question 12

The downhill flow of protons through the ATP synthase complex powers the production of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: FAD is converted to FADHS1U1B12S1U1B0.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Citric acid cycle and Electron transport and is...

Question 14

Compare aerobic and anaerobic pathways used by cells to extract energy from organic molecules. Include the mechanism of ATP formation, the final electron acceptor, and the end products in your comparison.

Accepted Answer

In both aerobic and anaerobic pathways,

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: Pyruvate is an end product.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Glycolysis and Formation of acetyl CoA and is...

Question 16

In the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxaloacetate reacts with acetyl CoA forming citrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In which of the following reactions is pyruvate degraded and combined with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of acetyl CoA 
B)  Citric acid cycle 
C)  Glycolysis 
D)  Decarboxylations 
E)  Electron transport and chemiosmosis 
A)  Formation of acetyl CoA 
B)  Citric acid cycle 
C)  Glycolysis 
D)  Decarboxylations 
E)  Electron transport and chemiosmosis

Question 18

Which reactant of aerobic respiration is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Glucose 
D)  Energy 
E)  Carbon dioxide 
A)  Water 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Glucose 
D)  Energy 
E)  Carbon dioxide

Question 19

During aerobic respiration, what molecule is degraded to form acetyl coenzyme A?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD 
B)  FADH 
C)  Glucose 
D)  Pyruvate 
E)  Coenzyme A 
A)  NAD 
B)  FADH 
C)  Glucose 
D)  Pyruvate 
E)  Coenzyme A

Question 20

In which of the following aerobic respiration stages does a chain of several electrons transport molecules and release energy to form a proton gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of acetyl CoA 
B)  Citric acid cycle 
C)  Electron transport and chemiosmosis 
D)  Glycolysis 
E)  Dehydrogenations 
A)  Formation of acetyl CoA 
B)  Citric acid cycle 
C)  Electron transport and chemiosmosis 
D)  Glycolysis 
E)  Dehydrogenations

Exam 8: How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Which of the following steps in the citric acid cycle directly produces a molecule of ATP (or GTP)?

During the first phase of glycolysis, two ____ reactions take place to transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the sugar because glucose is relatively stable and not easily broken down.

What is the reaction in which a phosphate group is transferred from ATP to the sugar?

Which of the following statements about lactic acid fermentation is FALSE?

What is the chemical reaction illustrated in the figure? ​ ​

The energy released during the chain of electron transport molecules is used to create a(n) ____ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane for chemiosmosis.

Saturated fatty acids store more energy than unsaturated fatty acids. Based on your knowledge of aerobic respiration, you draw this conclusion because saturated fatty acids

In eukaryotes, where does glycolysis occur?

If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to ____ and then to ____.

The complete aerobic metabolism of one molecule of glucose yields a maximum of how many ATPs?

The downhill flow of protons through the ATP synthase complex powers the production of ATP.

Compare aerobic and anaerobic pathways used by cells to extract energy from organic molecules. Include the mechanism of ATP formation, the final electron acceptor, and the end products in your comparison.

In the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxaloacetate reacts with acetyl CoA forming citrate.

In which of the following reactions is pyruvate degraded and combined with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA?

Which reactant of aerobic respiration is oxidized?

During aerobic respiration, what molecule is degraded to form acetyl coenzyme A?

In which of the following aerobic respiration stages does a chain of several electrons transport molecules and release energy to form a proton gradient?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

What is the chemical reaction illustrated in the figure?

If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to and then to .