Question 1

Explain the process of allosteric enzyme regulation. What role do allosteric regulators play in this process?

Accepted Answer

In allosteric enzyme regulation, the enzyme is bound by a regulator protein that maintains the enzyme in its inactive state. That is, the active site of the enzyme is in a conformation that cannot bind its substrate. Another molecule, like cAMP, can bind and remove the regulator from the enzyme. This allows the active site to revert to a conformation that can bind the substrate.

Question 2

A(n) exergonic reaction results in a net gain of free energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Select the phosphorylation reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose + fructose → sucrose + H2O 
B)  Glucose + ATP → glucose-P + ADP 
C)  Glucose-P + fructose → sucrose + Pi 
D)  Glucose + glucose → maltose 
E)  Sucrose + H2O → glucose + fructose 
A)  Glucose + fructose → sucrose + H2O 
B)  Glucose + ATP → glucose-P + ADP 
C)  Glucose-P + fructose → sucrose + Pi 
D)  Glucose + glucose → maltose 
E)  Sucrose + H2O → glucose + fructose B

Question 4

The cell maintains a ratio of ATP to ADP that is at the equilibrium point.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Energy that is usable and organized is classified as having ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  low energy 
B)  low entropy 
C)  low enthalpy 
D)  high entropy 
E)  high energy 
A)  low energy 
B)  low entropy 
C)  low enthalpy 
D)  high entropy 
E)  high energy

Question 6

Select the hydrogen acceptor molecule that stores electrons in the process of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) 
B)  Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) 
C)  Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FA
D)  
D)  Adenine triphosphate (ATP) 
E)  Adenine diphosphate (ADP) 
A)  Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) 
B)  Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) 
C)  Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FA
D)  
D)  Adenine triphosphate (ATP) 
E)  Adenine diphosphate (ADP)

Question 7

Figure 7-2 ​
 
Refer to the accompanying figure. The line on the graph labeled B represents the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  change in entropy 
B)  change in enthalpy 
C)  free energy of the reactants 
D)  activation energy with an enzyme 
E)  activation energy without an enzyme 
A)  change in entropy 
B)  change in enthalpy 
C)  free energy of the reactants 
D)  activation energy with an enzyme 
E)  activation energy without an enzyme

Question 8

As you climb a flight of stairs, what type of energy are your legs in motion using?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kinetic energy 
B)  Thermal energy 
C)  Chemical energy 
D)  Electrical energy 
E)  Potential energy 
A)  Kinetic energy 
B)  Thermal energy 
C)  Chemical energy 
D)  Electrical energy 
E)  Potential energy

Question 9

A cell must expend energy to produce a concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Briefly explain how an enzyme lowers the required energy of activation for a reaction.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Specificity of the

Question 11

The reaction ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi is classified as an

Accepted Answer

A)  endergonic reaction. 
B)  enthalpy reaction. 
C)  entropy reaction. 
D)  exergonic reaction. 
E)  electrochemical reaction. 
A)  endergonic reaction. 
B)  enthalpy reaction. 
C)  entropy reaction. 
D)  exergonic reaction. 
E)  electrochemical reaction.

Question 12

An enzyme raises the activation energy of the reaction it catalyzes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What refers to the alteration of an enzyme's shape due to binding of substrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active site 
B)  Cofactor 
C)  Induced fit 
D)  Activation energy 
E)  Allosteric inhibition 
A)  Active site 
B)  Cofactor 
C)  Induced fit 
D)  Activation energy 
E)  Allosteric inhibition

Question 14

What unit is used to measure thermal energy that flows from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kilograms 
B)  Kilometers 
C)  Kilowatts 
D)  Kilocalories 
E)  Kilojoules 
A)  Kilograms 
B)  Kilometers 
C)  Kilowatts 
D)  Kilocalories 
E)  Kilojoules

Question 15

What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heat 
B)  Lipids 
C)  The sun 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Carbon dioxide 
A)  Heat 
B)  Lipids 
C)  The sun 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Carbon dioxide

Question 16

Which of the following statement is correct in the context of this equation H = G + TS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both enthalpy and free energy remain the same. 
B)  As the temperature increases, there is a decrease in random molecular motion. 
C)  As entropy decreases, the amount of free energy decreases. 
D)  As entropy increases, the amount of free energy decreases. 
E)  As entropy increases, the amount of free energy increases. 
A)  Both enthalpy and free energy remain the same. 
B)  As the temperature increases, there is a decrease in random molecular motion. 
C)  As entropy decreases, the amount of free energy decreases. 
D)  As entropy increases, the amount of free energy decreases. 
E)  As entropy increases, the amount of free energy increases.

Question 17

Which best describes the energy of activation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A type of exergonic reaction 
B)  A type of endergonic reaction 
C)  The energy required to break existing bonds 
D)  The catalysts needed to raise a reaction's rate 
E)  The enzymes required to lower a reaction's rate 
A)  A type of exergonic reaction 
B)  A type of endergonic reaction 
C)  The energy required to break existing bonds 
D)  The catalysts needed to raise a reaction's rate 
E)  The enzymes required to lower a reaction's rate

Question 18

Which chemical process occurs in which a substance loses electrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entropy 
B)  Enthalpy 
C)  Oxidation 
D)  Reduction 
E)  Anabolism 
A)  Entropy 
B)  Enthalpy 
C)  Oxidation 
D)  Reduction 
E)  Anabolism

Question 19

A reversible inhibitor forms weak chemical bonds with the enzyme.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What form of energy is stored within the molecules of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kinetic 
B)  Heat 
C)  Potential 
D)  Nuclear 
E)  Light 
A)  Kinetic 
B)  Heat 
C)  Potential 
D)  Nuclear 
E)  Light

Exam 7: Energy and Metabolism

Explain the process of allosteric enzyme regulation. What role do allosteric regulators play in this process?

A(n) exergonic reaction results in a net gain of free energy.

Select the phosphorylation reaction.

The cell maintains a ratio of ATP to ADP that is at the equilibrium point.

Energy that is usable and organized is classified as having ____.

Select the hydrogen acceptor molecule that stores electrons in the process of photosynthesis.

Figure 7-2 ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. The line on the graph labeled B represents the ____.

As you climb a flight of stairs, what type of energy are your legs in motion using?

A cell must expend energy to produce a concentration gradient.

Briefly explain how an enzyme lowers the required energy of activation for a reaction.

The reaction ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi is classified as an

An enzyme raises the activation energy of the reaction it catalyzes.

What refers to the alteration of an enzyme's shape due to binding of substrate?

What unit is used to measure thermal energy that flows from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature?

What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms?

Which of the following statement is correct in the context of this equation H = G + TS?

Which best describes the energy of activation?

Which chemical process occurs in which a substance loses electrons?

A reversible inhibitor forms weak chemical bonds with the enzyme.

What form of energy is stored within the molecules of ATP?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 7-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. The line on the graph labeled B represents the ____.

The reaction ATP + H₂O → ADP + P_i is classified as an