Question 1

Two species have homologous structures. What can we infer?

Accepted Answer

A)  The structures are identical. 
B)  The structures have the same function. 
C)  The species have very different ancestors. 
D)  The species are related by a common ancestry. 
E)  The structures have the same function and they are identical. 
A)  The structures are identical. 
B)  The structures have the same function. 
C)  The species have very different ancestors. 
D)  The species are related by a common ancestry. 
E)  The structures have the same function and they are identical. D

Question 2

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA from different species of stickleback fish in three lakes disproves the hypothesis of a common ancestor for all three species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Figure 18-11
 
What is the land mass labeled as 2 in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pangea 
B)  Eurasia 
C)  Laurasia 
D)  Gondwana 
E)  Antarctica 
A)  Pangea 
B)  Eurasia 
C)  Laurasia 
D)  Gondwana 
E)  Antarctica D

Question 4

What process has been used to produce many of today's vegetables, such as broccoli, kohlrabi, and cauliflower, which are all derived from wild cabbage?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  natural selection 
C)  artificial selection 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  comparative anatomy 
A)  mutation 
B)  natural selection 
C)  artificial selection 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  comparative anatomy

Question 5

Four of the following ideas are consistent with Darwinian evolution . Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals in a population are genetically variable. 
B)  A struggle for existence exists among individuals of a population. 
C)  Traits acquired during an individual's life are passed on to its offspring. 
D)  A population can produce more offspring than the environment can support. 
E)  Individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. 
A)  Individuals in a population are genetically variable. 
B)  A struggle for existence exists among individuals of a population. 
C)  Traits acquired during an individual's life are passed on to its offspring. 
D)  A population can produce more offspring than the environment can support. 
E)  Individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 6

Evolution is genetic change in ____ that occurs over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  an individual 
B)  a population 
C)  a community 
D)  an ecosystem 
E)  the biosphere 
A)  an individual 
B)  a population 
C)  a community 
D)  an ecosystem 
E)  the biosphere

Question 7

Which statement about radioisotopes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium-40 has an extremely long half-life. 
B)  Carbon-14 is typically used to date sedimentary rock. 
C)  The ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 is used in dating fossils. 
D)  The half-life of a radioisotope does not vary with temperature or pressure. 
E)  The nucleus of a radioisotope can change into that of a different element during decay. 
A)  Potassium-40 has an extremely long half-life. 
B)  Carbon-14 is typically used to date sedimentary rock. 
C)  The ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 is used in dating fossils. 
D)  The half-life of a radioisotope does not vary with temperature or pressure. 
E)  The nucleus of a radioisotope can change into that of a different element during decay.

Question 8

The decrease of carbon-12 in a fossil indicates the age of that fossil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Where would you most likely find fossilized remains of humans and their immediate ancestors?

Accepted Answer

A)  only in relatively old rock 
B)  only in relatively young rock 
C)  only in rock formed from volcanoes 
D)  only in rock from the Precambrian times 
E)  in any rock from areas inhabited by humans 
A)  only in relatively old rock 
B)  only in relatively young rock 
C)  only in rock formed from volcanoes 
D)  only in rock from the Precambrian times 
E)  in any rock from areas inhabited by humans

Question 10

Briefly, explain how Lamarck's proposed mechanism of evolution differs from Darwin's mechanism.

Accepted Answer

Lamarck proposed that organisms passed a

Question 11

Darwin observed that species found on ocean islands do not resemble species on islands with similar environment in other parts of the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which is the study of past and present distributions of organisms on earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  biogeography 
B)  biological ecology 
C)  distribution biology 
D)  geographical ecology 
E)  organismal geography 
A)  biogeography 
B)  biological ecology 
C)  distribution biology 
D)  geographical ecology 
E)  organismal geography

Question 13

Compare the homology that occurs in the forelimbs of mammals.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Definition of homo

Question 14

Figure 18-1
 
Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 2 is homologous with the structure labeled as:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  7 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
E)  7

Question 15

What is an example of a limit on population growth, and proposed by Darwin to be a mechanism of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  predation 
B)  inheritance of traits 
C)  epidermal coloration 
D)  resistance to infection 
E)  spawning of hundreds of eggs 
A)  predation 
B)  inheritance of traits 
C)  epidermal coloration 
D)  resistance to infection 
E)  spawning of hundreds of eggs

Question 16

Individual species will continually evolve as a result of which evolutionary mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  gradualism 
B)  coevolution 
C)  natural selection 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  punctuated equilibrium 
A)  gradualism 
B)  coevolution 
C)  natural selection 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  punctuated equilibrium

Question 17

Figure 18-1
 
Which pair correctly matches two homoplastic features in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 4 
B)  2 and 7 
C)  3 and 6 
D)  2 and 4 
E)  1 and 5 
A)  1 and 4 
B)  2 and 7 
C)  3 and 6 
D)  2 and 4 
E)  1 and 5

Question 18

Briefly discuss why the historical record of diversity in North American dinosaurs is more complete than that of rain forest organisms.

Accepted Answer

Few fossils of tropical rainfo

Question 19

Who is responsible for the first concept regarding the passing on traits or characteristics that were acquired during the lifetime of an organism to its offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Lyell 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Alfred Wallace 
D)  Thomas Malthus 
E)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck 
A)  Charles Lyell 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Alfred Wallace 
D)  Thomas Malthus 
E)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

Question 20

Which process provides the genetic variability that natural selection acts on during evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  fitness 
B)  mitosis 
C)  mutation 
D)  adaptation 
E)  artificial selection 
A)  fitness 
B)  mitosis 
C)  mutation 
D)  adaptation 
E)  artificial selection

Exam 18: Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Two species have homologous structures. What can we infer?

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA from different species of stickleback fish in three lakes disproves the hypothesis of a common ancestor for all three species.

Figure 18-11 What is the land mass labeled as 2 in the accompanying figure?

What process has been used to produce many of today's vegetables, such as broccoli, kohlrabi, and cauliflower, which are all derived from wild cabbage?

Four of the following ideas are consistent with Darwinian evolution . Which one is the exception?

Evolution is genetic change in ____ that occurs over time.

Which statement about radioisotopes is FALSE?

The decrease of carbon-12 in a fossil indicates the age of that fossil.

Where would you most likely find fossilized remains of humans and their immediate ancestors?

Briefly, explain how Lamarck's proposed mechanism of evolution differs from Darwin's mechanism.

Darwin observed that species found on ocean islands do not resemble species on islands with similar environment in other parts of the world.

Which is the study of past and present distributions of organisms on earth?

Compare the homology that occurs in the forelimbs of mammals.

Figure 18-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 2 is homologous with the structure labeled as:

What is an example of a limit on population growth, and proposed by Darwin to be a mechanism of evolution by natural selection?

Individual species will continually evolve as a result of which evolutionary mechanism?

Figure 18-1 Which pair correctly matches two homoplastic features in the accompanying figure?

Briefly discuss why the historical record of diversity in North American dinosaurs is more complete than that of rain forest organisms.

Who is responsible for the first concept regarding the passing on traits or characteristics that were acquired during the lifetime of an organism to its offspring?

Which process provides the genetic variability that natural selection acts on during evolution?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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