Question 1

Figure 18-3
 
The results in the accompanying figure support the conclusion that:

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection does not occur in guppies. 
B)  natural selection can occur in guppies within a few generations. 
C)  predation is not a selective force in determining the average size of guppies. 
D)  male body weight increased proportionately more than female body weight. 
E)  in the experimental setting, the guppies produced fewer, larger offspring. 
A)  natural selection does not occur in guppies. 
B)  natural selection can occur in guppies within a few generations. 
C)  predation is not a selective force in determining the average size of guppies. 
D)  male body weight increased proportionately more than female body weight. 
E)  in the experimental setting, the guppies produced fewer, larger offspring.

Question 2

Which important finding from the fossil record supports the theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Life has evolved over time. 
B)  All life evolved in the ocean. 
C)  Most species are actually extinct. 
D)  There is an inaccuracy in the fossil record. 
E)  Ancient species greatly differed from those alive today. 
A)  Life has evolved over time. 
B)  All life evolved in the ocean. 
C)  Most species are actually extinct. 
D)  There is an inaccuracy in the fossil record. 
E)  Ancient species greatly differed from those alive today.

Question 3

Fossil evidence shows that giraffes living 1000 years ago had much shorter necks than the giraffes seen today. Which statement best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two groups of giraffes are not related. 
B)  The two groups of giraffes arose as a result of convergent evolution. 
C)  The difference in neck length is evidence for homoplastic inheritance. 
D)  The two groups of giraffes were located in different geographical locations. 
E)  The giraffes acquired longer necks through the continuing process of natural selection. 
A)  The two groups of giraffes are not related. 
B)  The two groups of giraffes arose as a result of convergent evolution. 
C)  The difference in neck length is evidence for homoplastic inheritance. 
D)  The two groups of giraffes were located in different geographical locations. 
E)  The giraffes acquired longer necks through the continuing process of natural selection.

Question 4

Figure 18-11
 
What is the land mass labeled as 1 in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pangea 
B)  Eurasia 
C)  Laurasia 
D)  Gondwana 
E)  Antarctica 
A)  Pangea 
B)  Eurasia 
C)  Laurasia 
D)  Gondwana 
E)  Antarctica

Question 5

What does the modern synthesis theory of evolution emphasize?

Accepted Answer

A)  population genetics 
B)  sexual reproduction 
C)  overproduction of individuals 
D)  artificial selection of individuals 
E)  homologous versus vestigial structures 
A)  population genetics 
B)  sexual reproduction 
C)  overproduction of individuals 
D)  artificial selection of individuals 
E)  homologous versus vestigial structures

Question 6

Which of the following provides the most direct evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  biogeography 
B)  the fossil record 
C)  molecular biology 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  comparative analysis 
A)  biogeography 
B)  the fossil record 
C)  molecular biology 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  comparative analysis

Question 7

Which is an example of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  the hind limb bones found in pythons 
B)  the third molars in the human mouth 
C)  the adaptation of the leaf into a cactus spine 
D)  the development of thorns to protect the plant 
E)  the elongated snouts of aardvarks, anteaters, and pangolins 
A)  the hind limb bones found in pythons 
B)  the third molars in the human mouth 
C)  the adaptation of the leaf into a cactus spine 
D)  the development of thorns to protect the plant 
E)  the elongated snouts of aardvarks, anteaters, and pangolins

Question 8

Whose findings of evolution by natural selection were presented with those of Darwin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alfred Wallace 
B)  Carolus Linnaeus 
C)  Charles Lyell 
D)  Gregor Mendel 
E)  Thomas Malthus 
A)  Alfred Wallace 
B)  Carolus Linnaeus 
C)  Charles Lyell 
D)  Gregor Mendel 
E)  Thomas Malthus

Question 9

Table 18-1   Based on data in the accompanying table, which of the primates listed below is the most distantly related to humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  gorilla 
B)  gibbon 
C)  orangutan 
D)  chimpanzee 
E)  rhesus monkey 
A)  gorilla 
B)  gibbon 
C)  orangutan 
D)  chimpanzee 
E)  rhesus monkey

Question 10

What is the relationship between amino acid sequences in proteins and nucleotide sequences in DNA? What do they reveal about evolutionary relationships?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and DNA contain a record of evo

Question 11

Which are evolutionary modifications that improve the survival and reproductive success of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations 
B)  adaptations 
C)  artificial traits 
D)  homoplastic traits 
E)  vestigial structures 
A)  mutations 
B)  adaptations 
C)  artificial traits 
D)  homoplastic traits 
E)  vestigial structures

Question 12

Figure 18-11
 
Based on the accompanying figure, which two present day continents should have the most closely related plant and animal species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eurasia and India 
B)  Australia and India 
C)  Africa and Australia 
D)  North and South America 
E)  Africa and South America 
A)  Eurasia and India 
B)  Australia and India 
C)  Africa and Australia 
D)  North and South America 
E)  Africa and South America

Question 13

In which group of islands Charles Darwin observed variation among organisms and compared these organisms to those found on the mainland?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virgin Islands 
B)  Canary Islands 
C)  Channel Islands 
D)  Falkland Islands 
E)  Galapagos Islands 
A)  Virgin Islands 
B)  Canary Islands 
C)  Channel Islands 
D)  Falkland Islands 
E)  Galapagos Islands

Question 14

Who originally published the idea that food supplies, which sustain animal populations, have the capacity to increase arithmetically?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Alfred Wallace 
D)  Thomas Malthus 
E)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck 
A)  Aristotle 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Alfred Wallace 
D)  Thomas Malthus 
E)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

Question 15

What did Charles Darwin investigate while visiting the Galapagos Islands?

Accepted Answer

A)  How the island species were completely different. 
B)  How the island species resembled those from nearby islands. 
C)  How the island species resembled those on other arid islands. 
D)  How the island species resembled those from continental South America. 
E)  How the islands were inhabited at all since they were 600 miles away from South America. 
A)  How the island species were completely different. 
B)  How the island species resembled those from nearby islands. 
C)  How the island species resembled those on other arid islands. 
D)  How the island species resembled those from continental South America. 
E)  How the islands were inhabited at all since they were 600 miles away from South America.

Question 16

Briefly explain how fossils contribute evidence of evolution. Describe how scientists determine the age of fossils.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Fossils show the t

Question 17

Figure 18-3
 
Refer to the accompanying figure. The average weight of a female guppy in the experimental group is:

Accepted Answer

A)  70 g 
B)  80 mg 
C)  170 mg 
D)  180 g 
E)  190 mg 
A)  70 g 
B)  80 mg 
C)  170 mg 
D)  180 g 
E)  190 mg

Question 18

Compare the following terms: homology and homoplasy. Provide two examples of each.

Accepted Answer

Homology is indicated when different fea

Question 19

Which best explains how Australia has distinctive organisms, such as marsupials, that cannot be found anywhere else on earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Australia has an unusual climate that has triggered natural selection. 
B)  There are fewer species of organisms in Australia than most continents. 
C)  Australia experienced a significantly slower rate of evolutionary change. 
D)  The predators of marsupials eliminated the populations in other locations. 
E)  Australia was separated and isolated from other land masses for a long period of time. 
A)  Australia has an unusual climate that has triggered natural selection. 
B)  There are fewer species of organisms in Australia than most continents. 
C)  Australia experienced a significantly slower rate of evolutionary change. 
D)  The predators of marsupials eliminated the populations in other locations. 
E)  Australia was separated and isolated from other land masses for a long period of time.

Question 20

What part of Darwin's theory was incomplete due to a lack of knowledge at the time of publication? How does the modern synthetic theory of evolution explain this?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Mendelia

Exam 18: Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Figure 18-3 The results in the accompanying figure support the conclusion that:

Which important finding from the fossil record supports the theory of evolution?

Fossil evidence shows that giraffes living 1000 years ago had much shorter necks than the giraffes seen today. Which statement best explains this observation?

Figure 18-11 What is the land mass labeled as 1 in the accompanying figure?

What does the modern synthesis theory of evolution emphasize?

Which of the following provides the most direct evidence for evolution?

Which is an example of convergent evolution?

Whose findings of evolution by natural selection were presented with those of Darwin?

Table 18-1 Based on data in the accompanying table, which of the primates listed below is the most distantly related to humans?

What is the relationship between amino acid sequences in proteins and nucleotide sequences in DNA? What do they reveal about evolutionary relationships?

Which are evolutionary modifications that improve the survival and reproductive success of an organism?

Figure 18-11 Based on the accompanying figure, which two present day continents should have the most closely related plant and animal species?

In which group of islands Charles Darwin observed variation among organisms and compared these organisms to those found on the mainland?

Who originally published the idea that food supplies, which sustain animal populations, have the capacity to increase arithmetically?

What did Charles Darwin investigate while visiting the Galapagos Islands?

Briefly explain how fossils contribute evidence of evolution. Describe how scientists determine the age of fossils.

Figure 18-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. The average weight of a female guppy in the experimental group is:

Compare the following terms: homology and homoplasy. Provide two examples of each.

Which best explains how Australia has distinctive organisms, such as marsupials, that cannot be found anywhere else on earth?

What part of Darwin's theory was incomplete due to a lack of knowledge at the time of publication? How does the modern synthetic theory of evolution explain this?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters