Exam 12: Problem Solving.

Describe the approach to problem solving involving search.Describe the elements of a problem space.Define the problem solving strategy known as means-end analysis.

The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine

Experts categorize problems based on

Compare and contrast insight vs.non-insight problems,including a description of the kinds of problems representing each type.What is the evidence that insight does occur,and how does insight influence problem solving behavior?

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top.She attempts to retrieve the book,but the shelf is a foot above her reach.How will Janet retrieve the book? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because

The information processing approach describes problem solving as a process involving

The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between

Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as

Insight refers to

Dr.Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment.In this new study,participants solve the following shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem.By doing this,Dr.Curious is studying the effect ofon problem solving. The shoe problem: A first-grade class is using a trampoline in gym class,so all the children have removed their shoes,which are all jumbled in a large pile.One of the students,Miguel,is leaving early,so the teacher tells him to grab his shoes and report to the lobby.In his hurry,Miguel grabs two identical left-footed,size 6 red sneakers and runs to his mother still sock-footed.Will the remaining students be able to shoe-up with the remaining shoes without getting a foot-ache?

A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department rather than in an artificial laboratory setting.Later,she analyzes the recorded discussions,identifying certain problem-solving techniques.This research is an example ofresearch.

The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted thatplay(s)an important role in solving scientific problems.

Gentner and Goldinmeadow (2003)illustrated that analogical encoding causes problem solvers to pay attention to Features thattheir ability to solve other problems.

Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they

In Kaplan and Simon's experiment,they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem.Participants in thegroup had the fastest response time.

In the Tower of Hanoi problem,thestate involves having three discs stacked on the left peg,with the middle and right pegs empty.

Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts.Once they created an object,they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category.Finke used the term preinventive forms to describe the

Astring led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem.

Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution.The purpose of this experiment was to

Describe the experiments that show how the surface and structural features of problems influence people's ability to make effective use of analogies in problem solving.Make sure you define and identify surface and structural features in your answer.