Question 1

Why are mutations uncommon in normal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only 25 percent of the genome codes for proteins; therefore, the probability is low that a mutation would occur in a protein-coding region. 
B)  Most mutations occur after DNA replication. 
C)  Many amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. 
D)  The mutation rate during DNA replication is 1 in 100 nucleotides. 
E)  The mutation rate during DNA replication is zero. 
A)  Only 25 percent of the genome codes for proteins; therefore, the probability is low that a mutation would occur in a protein-coding region. 
B)  Most mutations occur after DNA replication. 
C)  Many amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. 
D)  The mutation rate during DNA replication is 1 in 100 nucleotides. 
E)  The mutation rate during DNA replication is zero.

Question 2

Referring to the given image, what is the most likely sequence of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence asn-tyr-phe-ser-pro?

Accepted Answer

A)  AACTATAAATCACCA 
B)  GGGCCATGTAAACTA 
C)  CUUAUAAAAAGUUGA 
D)  TTGATAAAAAGTGGT 
E)  TTGATCGGAAGTTGA 
A)  AACTATAAATCACCA 
B)  GGGCCATGTAAACTA 
C)  CUUAUAAAAAGUUGA 
D)  TTGATAAAAAGTGGT 
E)  TTGATCGGAAGTTGA

Question 3

As the polypeptide is elongating during translation, what is the ribosome doing?

Accepted Answer

A)  removing incorrectly added amino acids 
B)  moving along the mRNA transcript bonding amino acids to each other 
C)  travelling back and forth between the nucleus and the growing polypeptide with information on which amino acids to add 
D)  removing the noncoding introns 
E)  breaking hydrogen bonds between the tRNA and the mRNA 
A)  removing incorrectly added amino acids 
B)  moving along the mRNA transcript bonding amino acids to each other 
C)  travelling back and forth between the nucleus and the growing polypeptide with information on which amino acids to add 
D)  removing the noncoding introns 
E)  breaking hydrogen bonds between the tRNA and the mRNA

Question 4

In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  nucleus 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  mitochondria 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  nucleus 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

Transcription starts at a region of DNA called a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sequencer 
B)  promoter 
C)  activator 
D)  terminator 
E)  transcriber 
A)  sequencer 
B)  promoter 
C)  activator 
D)  terminator 
E)  transcriber

Question 6

What does it mean that the genetic code is "highly conserved"?

Accepted Answer

A)  I t is almost universal and has not changed in millions of years. 
B)  I t resists modification from environmental mutagens. 
C)  O rganisms can only use it a certain number of times. 
D)  All organisms and organelles-without exception-have the exact same genetic code. 
E)  The products of the genetic code-proteins-are almost the same in all organisms. 
A)  I t is almost universal and has not changed in millions of years. 
B)  I t resists modification from environmental mutagens. 
C)  O rganisms can only use it a certain number of times. 
D)  All organisms and organelles-without exception-have the exact same genetic code. 
E)  The products of the genetic code-proteins-are almost the same in all organisms.

Question 7

The first amino acid in a growing polypeptide chain is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  methionine 
B)  valine 
C)  lysine 
D)  phenylalanine 
E)  glycine 
A)  methionine 
B)  valine 
C)  lysine 
D)  phenylalanine 
E)  glycine

Question 8

The type of RNA that carries protein-building information is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomal RNA 
B)  transfer RNA 
C)  messenger RNA 
D)  reader RNA 
E)  translator RNA 
A)  ribosomal RNA 
B)  transfer RNA 
C)  messenger RNA 
D)  reader RNA 
E)  translator RNA

Question 9

In the given figure, the process indicated by number 1 is _____, while the process indicated by number 2 is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  translation; transcription 
B)  translation; transformation 
C)  transcription; translation 
D)  transcription; transformation 
E)  transformation; translation 
A)  translation; transcription 
B)  translation; transformation 
C)  transcription; translation 
D)  transcription; transformation 
E)  transformation; translation

Question 10

In sickle-cell anemia, what happens to the hemoglobin molecule that causes the red blood cell to sickle?

Accepted Answer

A)  A  small part of it becomes hydrophobic. 
B)  A  small part of it becomes hydrophilic. 
C)  A  small part of it becomes polar. 
D)  A small part of it becomes negatively charged. 
E)  A  small part of it becomes positively charged. 
A)  A  small part of it becomes hydrophobic. 
B)  A  small part of it becomes hydrophilic. 
C)  A  small part of it becomes polar. 
D)  A small part of it becomes negatively charged. 
E)  A  small part of it becomes positively charged.

Question 11

DNA molecules contain protein-coding sequences called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  genotypes 
B)  genomes 
C)  nucleotides 
D)  genes 
E)  ribonucleic acids 
A)  genotypes 
B)  genomes 
C)  nucleotides 
D)  genes 
E)  ribonucleic acids

Question 12

Homeotic genes encode which type of protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription factors 
B)  ribosomal proteins 
C)  channel proteins 
D)  membrane-associated proteins 
E)  DNA methylases 
A)  transcription factors 
B)  ribosomal proteins 
C)  channel proteins 
D)  membrane-associated proteins 
E)  DNA methylases

Question 13

Methylation of histone proteins promotes _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription 
B)  translation 
C)  binding of transcription factors 
D)  condensation of DNA 
E)  differentiation 
A)  transcription 
B)  translation 
C)  binding of transcription factors 
D)  condensation of DNA 
E)  differentiation

Question 14

The information from messenger RNA is used to create polypeptide sequences during the process of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction 
B)  transcription 
C)  transformation 
D)  translation 
E)  replication 
A)  transduction 
B)  transcription 
C)  transformation 
D)  translation 
E)  replication

Question 15

Which nucleotide is added to the end of a completed messenger RNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine 
B)  thymine 
C)  cytosine 
D)  guanine 
E)  alternating adenine and thymine 
A)  adenine 
B)  thymine 
C)  cytosine 
D)  guanine 
E)  alternating adenine and thymine

Question 16

What is an anticodon?

Accepted Answer

A)  the region of DNA that codes for the codon 
B)  the region of DNA that base-pairs with the codon 
C)  the region of the mRNA that codes for an amino acid 
D)  the region of the mRNA that base-pairs with the tRNA 
E)  the region of the tRNA that base-pairs with the mRNA 
A)  the region of DNA that codes for the codon 
B)  the region of DNA that base-pairs with the codon 
C)  the region of the mRNA that codes for an amino acid 
D)  the region of the mRNA that base-pairs with the tRNA 
E)  the region of the tRNA that base-pairs with the mRNA

Question 17

Match between columns
                        Premises: binds to ribosomes to begin translation
complex with proteins to form ribosomes
occurs when stop codons are read
a tRNA triplet complementary to a mRNA codon
guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases
RNA-directed synthesis of polypeptide chains
all of the mRNA codons
sites for polypeptide assembly
an mRNA code for one amino acid
site at which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription

Accepted Answer

The Answer of genetic code and anticodon and translation termination is...

Question 18

Which mutation(s) may not result in an amino acid change in the protein product?

Accepted Answer

A)  deletion and insertion 
B)  deletion and substitution 
C)  insertion and substitution 
D)  substitution only 
E)  insertion only 
A)  deletion and insertion 
B)  deletion and substitution 
C)  insertion and substitution 
D)  substitution only 
E)  insertion only

Question 19

In prokaryotes, translation takes place in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm 
B)  nucleus 
C)  plasma membrane 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  Golgi bodies 
A)  cytoplasm 
B)  nucleus 
C)  plasma membrane 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  Golgi bodies

Question 20

A gene is a DNA sequence that codes for a protein or _____ product.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA 
B)  DNA 
C)  ribosome 
D)  lipid 
E)  exon 
A)  RNA 
B)  DNA 
C)  ribosome 
D)  lipid 
E)  exon

Exam 8: Gene Expression and Control

Why are mutations uncommon in normal cells?

Referring to the given image, what is the most likely sequence of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence asn-tyr-phe-ser-pro?

As the polypeptide is elongating during translation, what is the ribosome doing?

In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the _____.

Transcription starts at a region of DNA called a(n) _____.

What does it mean that the genetic code is "highly conserved"?

The first amino acid in a growing polypeptide chain is _____.

The type of RNA that carries protein-building information is called _____.

In the given figure, the process indicated by number 1 is _____, while the process indicated by number 2 is _____.

In sickle-cell anemia, what happens to the hemoglobin molecule that causes the red blood cell to sickle?

DNA molecules contain protein-coding sequences called _____.

Homeotic genes encode which type of protein?

Methylation of histone proteins promotes _____.

The information from messenger RNA is used to create polypeptide sequences during the process of _____.

Which nucleotide is added to the end of a completed messenger RNA transcript?

What is an anticodon?

Which mutation(s) may not result in an amino acid change in the protein product?

In prokaryotes, translation takes place in the _____.

A gene is a DNA sequence that codes for a protein or _____ product.

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Filters

In the given figure, the process indicated by number 1 is _, while the process indicated by number 2 is _.