Question 1

Which organism is used in the genetic engineering of plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli 
B)  T. aquaticus 
C)  A. tumefaciens 
D)  P. flourescens 
E)  B. thuringiensis 
A)  E. coli 
B)  T. aquaticus 
C)  A. tumefaciens 
D)  P. flourescens 
E)  B. thuringiensis

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: DNA with a targeted sequence is mixed with primers, nucleotides, and Taq DNA polymerase.
The mixture is heated, and the double-stranded DNA separates into single strands. When the mixture is cooled, some of the primers base-pair with the DNA at opposite ends of the targeted sequence.
Taq polymerase begins DNA synthesis at the primers, so it produces complementary strands of the targeted DNA sequence.
All double-stranded DNA separates into single strands after mixture is reheated. After it cools, primers base-pair with the targeted sequence in the original template DNA and in the new DNA strands.
The number of copies of the targeted DNA section is doubled with each cycle of heating and cooling. After two rounds, the amount of the initial DNA template has doubled twice.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of C and B and D and A is...

Question 3

If a virus-injected gene interrupts a growth control gene, ____ could result.

Accepted Answer

A)  diabetes 
B)  cancer 
C)  hemophilia A 
D)  sickle-cell anemia 
E)  heart attack 
A)  diabetes 
B)  cancer 
C)  hemophilia A 
D)  sickle-cell anemia 
E)  heart attack

Question 4

Once a probe has hybridized with a gene of interest in a DNA library, the hybrid is identified by detection of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  its sticky tail 
B)  its radioactive label 
C)  restriction enzymes 
D)  mRNA 
E)  the vector 
A)  its sticky tail 
B)  its radioactive label 
C)  restriction enzymes 
D)  mRNA 
E)  the vector

Question 5

The idea of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race is referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  genomics 
B)  genetic cloning 
C)  gene therapy 
D)  eugenics 
E)  euthanasia 
A)  genomics 
B)  genetic cloning 
C)  gene therapy 
D)  eugenics 
E)  euthanasia

Question 6

Many restriction enzymes generate ____ on DNA fragments after being cut.

Accepted Answer

A)  frank ends 
B)  recombinant ends 
C)  curved ends 
D)  sticky ends 
E)  oblique ends 
A)  frank ends 
B)  recombinant ends 
C)  curved ends 
D)  sticky ends 
E)  oblique ends

Question 7

After obtaining DNA fragments by PCR, the fragments are ____ to reveal the lengths of the short tandem repeats.

Accepted Answer

A)  separated by a centrifuge 
B)  viewed under a microscope 
C)  separated by an electric current 
D)  inserted into a plasmid 
E)  chopped up using restriction enzymes 
A)  separated by a centrifuge 
B)  viewed under a microscope 
C)  separated by an electric current 
D)  inserted into a plasmid 
E)  chopped up using restriction enzymes

Question 8

The discovery of ____ allowed researchers to cut chromosomes into manageable-sized DNA fragments.

Accepted Answer

A)  single-nucleotide polymorphisms 
B)  restriction enzymes 
C)  DNA assembly enzymes 
D)  f ragment-length polymorphisms 
E)  receptor proteins 
A)  single-nucleotide polymorphisms 
B)  restriction enzymes 
C)  DNA assembly enzymes 
D)  f ragment-length polymorphisms 
E)  receptor proteins

Question 9

Which of the following applications seeks to reveal differences in the number of tandem repeats among individuals for the purposes of identification?

Accepted Answer

A)  genomics 
B)  DNA libraries 
C)  DNA hybridization 
D)  DNA profiling 
E)  DNA probe analysis 
A)  genomics 
B)  DNA libraries 
C)  DNA hybridization 
D)  DNA profiling 
E)  DNA probe analysis

Question 10

When a population is made up of individuals who are genetically identical, each individual is said to be a ____ of the other individuals.

Accepted Answer

A)  homolog 
B)  clone 
C)  twin 
D)  recombinant 
E)  probe 
A)  homolog 
B)  clone 
C)  twin 
D)  recombinant 
E)  probe

Question 11

One of the advantages of PCR is the ability to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sequence DNA 
B)  transcribe DNA into mRNA transcripts 
C)  make millions of copies of the entire genome 
D)  double the amount of a rare DNA sequence 
E)  make millions of copies of a rare DNA sequence 
A)  sequence DNA 
B)  transcribe DNA into mRNA transcripts 
C)  make millions of copies of the entire genome 
D)  double the amount of a rare DNA sequence 
E)  make millions of copies of a rare DNA sequence

Question 12

Approximately ____ percent of a person's 3 billion nucleotides are unique to that individual.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  10 
D)  25 
E)  50 
A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  10 
D)  25 
E)  50

Question 13

Which human body system is affected in individuals with SCIDs?

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive 
B)  immune 
C)  reproductive 
D)  nervous 
E)  cardiovascular 
A)  digestive 
B)  immune 
C)  reproductive 
D)  nervous 
E)  cardiovascular

Question 14

A fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer that can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest is referred to as a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  clone 
B)  plasmid 
C)  vector 
D)  marker 
E)  probe 
A)  clone 
B)  plasmid 
C)  vector 
D)  marker 
E)  probe

Question 15

Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular charge 
B)  molecular bonding 
C)  molecular size 
D)  polarity 
E)  nonpolarity 
A)  molecular charge 
B)  molecular bonding 
C)  molecular size 
D)  polarity 
E)  nonpolarity

Question 16

In bacteria, restriction enzymes function to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  identify sequences of interest in a DNA library 
B)  produce human proteins 
C)  provide antibiotic resistance 
D)  chop up invading viral DNA 
E)  make the cells vulnerable to viruses 
A)  identify sequences of interest in a DNA library 
B)  produce human proteins 
C)  provide antibiotic resistance 
D)  chop up invading viral DNA 
E)  make the cells vulnerable to viruses

Question 17

When a bacterium reproduces, its offspring inherit a full complement of genetic information, which includes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  one chromosome plus plasmids 
B)  a genetically complete plasmid 
C)  at least two chromosomes 
D)  two chromosomes plus plasmids 
E)  a single strand of circular DNA 
A)  one chromosome plus plasmids 
B)  a genetically complete plasmid 
C)  at least two chromosomes 
D)  two chromosomes plus plasmids 
E)  a single strand of circular DNA

Question 18

In gene therapy, what is transferred into an individual's chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  a new genome 
B)  an unmutated gene 
C)  a mutated gene 
D)  bacterial plasmids 
E)  DNA libraries 
A)  a new genome 
B)  an unmutated gene 
C)  a mutated gene 
D)  bacterial plasmids 
E)  DNA libraries

Question 19

Researchers introduce DNA into plants by using ____. I. bacteria
II) electric shocks
III) chemical shocks

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  II and III 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  II and III 
E)  I, II, and III

Question 20

What is the most assured method of identifying an individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  full genome sequencing 
B)  short tandem repeat analysis 
C)  SNP-chip analysis 
D)  DNA-DNA hybridization 
E)  PCR amplification 
A)  full genome sequencing 
B)  short tandem repeat analysis 
C)  SNP-chip analysis 
D)  DNA-DNA hybridization 
E)  PCR amplification

Exam 11: Biotechnology

Which organism is used in the genetic engineering of plants?

If a virus-injected gene interrupts a growth control gene, ____ could result.

Once a probe has hybridized with a gene of interest in a DNA library, the hybrid is identified by detection of ____.

The idea of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race is referred to as ____.

Many restriction enzymes generate ____ on DNA fragments after being cut.

After obtaining DNA fragments by PCR, the fragments are ____ to reveal the lengths of the short tandem repeats.

The discovery of ____ allowed researchers to cut chromosomes into manageable-sized DNA fragments.

Which of the following applications seeks to reveal differences in the number of tandem repeats among individuals for the purposes of identification?

When a population is made up of individuals who are genetically identical, each individual is said to be a ____ of the other individuals.

One of the advantages of PCR is the ability to ____.

Approximately ____ percent of a person's 3 billion nucleotides are unique to that individual.

Which human body system is affected in individuals with SCIDs?

A fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer that can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest is referred to as a ____.

Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of ____.

In bacteria, restriction enzymes function to ____.

When a bacterium reproduces, its offspring inherit a full complement of genetic information, which includes ____.

In gene therapy, what is transferred into an individual's chromosomes?

Researchers introduce DNA into plants by using ____. I. bacteria II) electric shocks III) chemical shocks

What is the most assured method of identifying an individual?

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

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