Exam 13: Processes of Evolution

The emergence of hundreds of Hawaiian honeycreeper species from a single flock introduced to this island archipelago millions of years ago is an example of ____.

_____ are hot spots for the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their spread to humans due to excessive use of antibiotics.

In a tropical forest, some leaves are dark green, and some are light green. In a population of caterpillars, homozygous dominant dark green caterpillars thrive eating the dark green foliage, while homozygous recessive light green caterpillars thrive eating light green foliage. However, heterozygous caterpillars of an intermediate color green are easily seen by birds and eaten, thus their numbers are far less than the dominants or recessives. This is an example of ____ selection.

Environmental pressures result in a(n) ____ of adaptive alleles.

The increased variability in the frequency of the b+ allele in the smaller flour beetle population in the given graph is an example of ____.

The process of speciation always includes ____ isolation.

A group of organisms sharing a derived trait is known as a ____.

Mutations that result in the death of the individual are known as ____.

The following graphs show the frequency of the b+ allele over 20 generations in two populations of heterozygous flour beetles (data for a population of 10 individuals is shown in graph A; data for a population of 100 individuals is shown in graph B). Why does the frequency of the b + allele increase in both populations?

Two species of toads have been successfully interbred in a laboratory but do not hybridize in nature because one species mates in summer and the other mates in the fall. This is an example of ____ isolation.

Which population is more likely to be affected by genetic drift?

All of the alleles in a population make up the ____.

A female horse can mate with a male donkey, but they will produce a mule that is sterile. This is an example of what type of isolation mechanism?

In Lake Victoria, hundreds of cichlid fish species arose after the lake last dried up 12,400 years ago. This is an example of ____.

The branch points on a cladogram represent ____.

A ____ mutation changes the DNA sequence but has no impact on the fitness of the individual.

A small Dutch population settled in South Africa in the 17th century and became known as Afrikaners. By chance, a few Dutch settlers carried the gene for Huntington's disease. Today, Huntington's disease occurs at a relatively high frequency in this population. This is an example of ____.