Exam 13: Processes of Evolution

The observation that female lions prefer male lions with darker manes is an example of ____.

Overhunting of the northern elephant seals left only 20 individuals, from which the modern population arose. As a result, each animal is most likely ____ for most alleles.

In Cameroon, seedcrackers have either small bills (adapted for feeding on soft sedge seeds) or large bills (adapted for feeding on hard sedge seeds). During competition for scarce resources, these birds primarily feed on the seeds for which they are best adapted. This is an example of ____ selection.

The appearance of lungs was a(n) ____ that drove the evolution of land vertebrates.

Fatter sociable weaver birds spend more time foraging where they are vulnerable to predation, are more attractive to predators, and are less likely to escape an attack. Conversely, thin birds risk starvation. Therefore, sociable weaver of an intermediate weight has a selective advantage. This is an example of ____ selection.

In the universal ABO blood grouping system, there are four phenotypes-A, B, AB, and O-which are determined by three different alleles. The presence of three alleles in the ABO blood grouping system is an example of ____.

____ is the study of a species' evolutionary history.

Which of the following is most likely the result of a neutral mutation?

A major change in evolutionary patterns over long periods of time is best described as ____.

Phylogeny is most analogous to a ____.

Peahens prefer to mate with peacocks that have the brightest and largest tail displays. The peacock's tail is a disadvantage to the males, because it is large and cumbersome and hinders them from escaping from predators. Given these facts, why isn't the peacock's tail selected against by natural selection?

Alligators more closely resemble lizards than birds; however, alligators and birds have four-chambered hearts, which lizards do not have. In this example, the four-chambered heart is a ____, which indicates that alligators are ____ related to birds than to lizards.

With ____ selection, the frequency of a favored allele will increase as a phenotypic variation becomes more adaptive.

Many male birds will expend a great deal of energy building nests. Females will mate with the males who build the best nests. This is best described as an example of ____.