Question 1

Match between columns
                        Premises: metabolic stress

Accepted Answer

The Answer of respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; is...

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: debridement

Accepted Answer

The Answer of a group of nonspecific immune responses to is...

Question 3

One of the factors that increases the risk of MODS is:

Accepted Answer

A) age over 40 years. 
B) length of hospital stay. 
C) malnutrition. 
D) underweight. 
E) gender. 
A) age over 40 years. 
B) length of hospital stay. 
C) malnutrition. 
D) underweight. 
E) gender.

Question 4

Overfeeding an acutely stressed patient can lead to:

Accepted Answer

A) fever. 
B) mechanical ventilation. 
C) abscesses. 
D) inactivity. 
E) refeeding syndrome. 
A) fever. 
B) mechanical ventilation. 
C) abscesses. 
D) inactivity. 
E) refeeding syndrome.

Question 5

What is a "stress factor"?

Accepted Answer

Stress factors are conditions that add e

Question 6

Which chemical messengers are catecholamines?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) aldosterone and cortisol 
C) cytokines and histamine 
D) sodium and potassium 
E) epinephrine and norepinephrine 
A) acetylcholine 
B) aldosterone and cortisol 
C) cytokines and histamine 
D) sodium and potassium 
E) epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 7

Protein synthesis is inhibited by excess production of:

Accepted Answer

A) cortisol. 
B) eicosanoids. 
C) mast cells. 
D) phagocytes. 
E) epinephrine. 
A) cortisol. 
B) eicosanoids. 
C) mast cells. 
D) phagocytes. 
E) epinephrine.

Question 8

To prevent hyperglycemia, parenteral feedings should supply no more than _____ milligrams of dextrose per kilogram of body weight per minute.

Accepted Answer

A) ​2 
B) ​3 
C) ​4 
D) ​5 
E) ​6 
A) ​2 
B) ​3 
C) ​4 
D) ​5 
E) ​6

Question 9

Match between columns
                        Premises: acute-phase response

Accepted Answer

The Answer of a severe reduction in blood flow that is...

Question 10

Overfeeding an acutely stressed patient improves nitrogen balance and decreases lean tissue losses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The inflammatory process can alter immune cell function in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A patient who is on a tube feeding gains nine pounds in three days. This may indicate:

Accepted Answer

A) adequate nutrition. 
B) excess protein intake. 
C) fluid imbalance. 
D) nutrient imbalance. 
E) respiratory dysfunction. 
A) adequate nutrition. 
B) excess protein intake. 
C) fluid imbalance. 
D) nutrient imbalance. 
E) respiratory dysfunction.

Question 13

The inflammatory process can cause a variety of systemic effects, including:

Accepted Answer

A) increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature . 
B) decreased heart rate and appetite, and increased blood pressure. 
C) increased blood pressure, temperature, and appetite. 
D) increased blood pressure, heart rate, and weight. 
E) decreased cardiac output and blood pressure, and increased urine production. 
A) increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature . 
B) decreased heart rate and appetite, and increased blood pressure. 
C) increased blood pressure, temperature, and appetite. 
D) increased blood pressure, heart rate, and weight. 
E) decreased cardiac output and blood pressure, and increased urine production.

Question 14

In critically ill patients, a high intake of _____ may suppress immune function and increase the risk of developing infections. ​

Accepted Answer

A) fat 
B) dextrose 
C) protein 
D) zinc 
E) glucose 
A) fat 
B) dextrose 
C) protein 
D) zinc 
E) glucose

Question 15

Which procedure is not an initial treatment of acute stress?

Accepted Answer

A) administering fluids 
B) treating infections 
C) mechanical ventilation 
D) repairing wounds 
E) debridement 
A) administering fluids 
B) treating infections 
C) mechanical ventilation 
D) repairing wounds 
E) debridement

Question 16

A frequent cause of death among older intensive care patients with multiple or severe injuries is:

Accepted Answer

A) pulmonary edema. 
B) hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. 
C) multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). 
D) stroke. 
E) neurological failure. 
A) pulmonary edema. 
B) hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. 
C) multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). 
D) stroke. 
E) neurological failure.

Question 17

Which factor increases the risk for developing MODS?

Accepted Answer

A) patient age below 50 years old 
B) having SIRS for less than two days 
C) the use of invasive catheters 
D) low body weight 
E) having localized, acute injuries 
A) patient age below 50 years old 
B) having SIRS for less than two days 
C) the use of invasive catheters 
D) low body weight 
E) having localized, acute injuries

Question 18

Which amino acid may improve infection, muscle mass, and mortality rates in critically ill patients?

Accepted Answer

A) leucine 
B) glutamine 
C) valine 
D) isoleucine 
E) glycine 
A) leucine 
B) glutamine 
C) valine 
D) isoleucine 
E) glycine

Question 19

A COPD patient who complains of abdominal discomfort and dyspnea may benefit from:

Accepted Answer

A) small, frequent meals. 
B) a low-fat diet. 
C) a high-fiber diet. 
D) consuming more liquids. 
E) lying down. 
A) small, frequent meals. 
B) a low-fat diet. 
C) a high-fiber diet. 
D) consuming more liquids. 
E) lying down.

Question 20

Match between columns
                        Premises: systemic effects

Accepted Answer

The Answer of respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; is...

Exam 24: Energy- and Protein-Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

One of the factors that increases the risk of MODS is:

Overfeeding an acutely stressed patient can lead to:

What is a "stress factor"?

Which chemical messengers are catecholamines?

Protein synthesis is inhibited by excess production of:

To prevent hyperglycemia, parenteral feedings should supply no more than _____ milligrams of dextrose per kilogram of body weight per minute.

Overfeeding an acutely stressed patient improves nitrogen balance and decreases lean tissue losses.

The inflammatory process can alter immune cell function in the body.

A patient who is on a tube feeding gains nine pounds in three days. This may indicate:

The inflammatory process can cause a variety of systemic effects, including:

In critically ill patients, a high intake of _____ may suppress immune function and increase the risk of developing infections. ​

Which procedure is not an initial treatment of acute stress?

A frequent cause of death among older intensive care patients with multiple or severe injuries is:

Which factor increases the risk for developing MODS?

Which amino acid may improve infection, muscle mass, and mortality rates in critically ill patients?

A COPD patient who complains of abdominal discomfort and dyspnea may benefit from:

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism, Energy Balance, and Body Composition

Weight Management

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support: Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate- and Fat-Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate-Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat-Controlled, Mineral-Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein-, Mineral-, and Fluid-Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy- and Protein-Modified Diets for Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters

In critically ill patients, a high intake of _____ may suppress immune function and increase the risk of developing infections.